Effects of auriculotherapy on nausea and vomiting in pregnant women: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy induces physiological changes, commonly marked by nausea and vomiting in the first trimester, posing risks for both mother and baby. This study evaluates the effects of auriculotherapy on nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in two primary health care centers with 56 Brazilian pregnant women who reported nausea or vomiting in the first trimester. The participants were divided into an intervention group (auriculotherapy with seeds) and a placebo group (sham auriculotherapy). The intervention was divided into three moments: pre-intervention with assessment of nausea and vomiting and application of questionnaires, and two follow-ups conducted on the fourth and seventh day of the intervention, with reassessment of nausea and vomiting. RESULTS: Both groups experienced a decrease in nausea and vomiting over time, with no statistically significant differences between groups in the within-group analyses at various time points. The intervention group had a greater reduction in symptoms. Within the intervention group, symptoms were more common among ferrous sulfate users and those without reported dietary disturbances. In addition, a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting was associated with the use of analgesics, morning snacks, and low intake of protein, vegetables, and fruits. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention did not affect the between-group differences in the incidence of nausea and vomiting and vomiting effort in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, a greater reduction was observed in the intervention group.

Effects of auriculotherapy in the treatment of nausea and vomiting: a systematic review / Efectos de la auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de las náuseas y los vómitos: una revisión sistemática / Efeitos da auriculoterapia no tratamento de náuseas e vômitos: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the effectiveness of auriculotherapy in the treatment of nausea and vomiting through a systematic review of the scientific literature. Methods: it was performed a systematic review of the literature making use of the following data basis: The Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, LILACS and Cochrane databases were used. Articles from complete research from randomized controlled clinical trials that describe using auriculotherapy in nausea and vomiting treatment were selected, without restriction of date or language. Results: eleven articles were selected for analysis. The majority approached the population in surgical situations, followed by patients undergoing chemotherapy and pregnant women. As for results, 81% (n=8) of the articles reported that nausea and vomiting were lower in incidence and/or intensity in the intervention group. Conclusions: the review provided relevant data on the effects of auriculotherapy in nausea and vomiting treatment, with a decrease in the intensity and frequency of these symptoms in different populations.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar la efectividad de la auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS y Cochrane. Se seleccionaron artículos de investigación completa de ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios que describen el uso de la auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de náuseas y vómitos, sin restricción de fecha o idioma. Resultados: se seleccionaron 11 artículos para su análisis. La mayoría se acercó a la población en situaciones quirúrgicas, seguida de pacientes en quimioterapia y embarazadas. En cuanto a los resultados, el 81% (n=8) de los artículos informaron que las náuseas y los vómitos fueron de menor incidencia y/o intensidad en el grupo de intervención. Conclusiones: la revisión aportó datos relevantes sobre los efectos de la auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de las náuseas y los vómitos, con disminución de la intensidad y frecuencia de estos síntomas en diferentes poblaciones.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar a eficácia da auriculoterapia no tratamento de náuseas e vômitos através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica. Métodos: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, LILACS e Cochrane. Foram selecionados artigos de pesquisas completas de ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados e que descrevem o uso da auriculoterapia no tratamento de náuseas e vômitos, sem restrição de data ou idioma. Resultados: foram selecionados 11 artigos para análise. A maioria abordou população em situações cirúrgicas, seguidos de pacientes em quimioterapia e gestantes. Quanto aos resultados, 81% (n=8) dos artigos reportaram que náuseas e vômitos foram menores em incidência e/ou intensidade no grupo intervenção. Conclusão: a revisão forneceu dados relevantes sobre os efeitos da auriculoterapia no tratamento de náuseas e vômitos, apresentando diminuição de intensidade e frequência desses sintomas em diferentes populações.

Effects of auriculotherapy in the treatment of nausea and vomiting: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the effectiveness of auriculotherapy in the treatment of nausea and vomiting through a systematic review of the scientific literature. METHODS: it was performed a systematic review of the literature making use of the following data basis: The Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, LILACS and Cochrane databases were used. Articles from complete research from randomized controlled clinical trials that describe using auriculotherapy in nausea and vomiting treatment were selected, without restriction of date or language. RESULTS: eleven articles were selected for analysis. The majority approached the population in surgical situations, followed by patients undergoing chemotherapy and pregnant women. As for results, 81% (n=8) of the articles reported that nausea and vomiting were lower in incidence and/or intensity in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: the review provided relevant data on the effects of auriculotherapy in nausea and vomiting treatment, with a decrease in the intensity and frequency of these symptoms in different populations.

Middle range theory for the nursing diagnosis Excess Fluid Volume in pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: To stablish a middle range theory for the understanding of the causal mechanisms and clinical consequentes of the nursing diagnosis Excess Fluid Volume (00026) among pregnant women. METHOD: The Middle Range Theory was constructed in five stages: defining of construction approach, establishing main concepts, elaborating propositions, developing a pictorial diagram, and establishing the causal relationships and evidence for practice of the Middle Range Theory. RESULTS: We identified 14 clinical indicators and 6 causal factors of Excess Fluid Volume. A pictorial diagram was developed and relationships between Excess Fluid Volume elements were established with 6 propositions for them. CONCLUSION: The Middle Range Theory included both physiological and pathological conditions to explain Excess Fluid Volume. This Middle Range Theory might help in the better understanding of interactions between causal factors and clinical indicators of Excess Fluid Volume.

Middle range theory for the nursing diagnosis Excess Fluid Volume in pregnant women / Teoría de medio alcance para el diagnóstico de enfermería Volumen de Liquidos Excesivo en gestantes / Teoria de médio alcance para o diagnóstico de enfermagem Volume de Líquidos Excessivo em gestantes

ABSTRACT Objective: To stablish a middle range theory for the understanding of the causal mechanisms and clinical consequentes of the nursing diagnosis Excess Fluid Volume (00026) among pregnant women. Method: The Middle Range Theory was constructed in five stages: defining of construction approach, establishing main concepts, elaborating propositions, developing a pictorial diagram, and establishing the causal relationships and evidence for practice of the Middle Range Theory. Results: We identified 14 clinical indicators and 6 causal factors of Excess Fluid Volume. A pictorial diagram was developed and relationships between Excess Fluid Volume elements were established with 6 propositions for them. Conclusion: The Middle Range Theory included both physiological and pathological conditions to explain Excess Fluid Volume. This Middle Range Theory might help in the better understanding of interactions between causal factors and clinical indicators of Excess Fluid Volume.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer una teoría de medio alcance para la comprensión de los mecanismos causales y consecuencias clínicas del diagnóstico de enfermería Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo (00026) en gestantes. Métodos: La teoría de medio alcance ha sido construida en cinco etapas: Definición del abordaje de construcción; Definición de los conceptos principales; Desarrollo de un esquema pictorial; Construcción de las proposiciones; y Establecimiento de las relaciones de causalidad y de evidencias para la práctica. Resultados: Han sido identificados 14 indicadores clínicos y 6 factores causales de Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo. Ha sido construido un diagrama pictorial y establecidas relaciones entre los elementos de Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo, con seis proposiciones para ellos. Conclusión: La teoría de medio alcance incluyó condiciones fisiológicas y patológicas para explicar el Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo; ella puede ayudar en la mejor comprensión de las interacciones entre los factores casuales e indicadores clínicos de Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estabelecer uma teoria de médio alcance para a compreensão dos mecanismos causais e consequências clínicas do diagnóstico de enfermagem Volume de Líquidos Excessivo (00026) em gestantes. Métodos: A Teoria de Médio Alcance foi construída em cinco etapas: Definição da abordagem de construção; Definição dos conceitos principais; Desenvolvimento de um esquema pictorial; Construção das proposições e Estabelecimento das relações de causalidade e de evidências para a prática. Resultados: Foram identificados 14 indicadores clínicos e 6 fatores causais de Volume de líquidos excessivo. Foi construído um diagrama pictorial e estabelecidas relações entre os elementos de Volume de líquidos excessivo, com seis proposições para eles. Conclusão: A Teoria de Médio Alcance incluiu tanto condições fisiológicas como patológicas para explicar o Volume de Líquidos Excessivo. A Teoria de Médio Alcance pode ajudar na melhor compreensão das interações entre os fatores causais e indicadores clínicos de Volume de líquidos excessivo.

Middle range theory for the nursing diagnosis Excess Fluid Volume in pregnant women / Teoría de medio alcance para el diagnóstico de enfermería Volumen de Liquidos Excesivo en gestantes / Teoria de médio alcance para o diagnóstico de enfermagem Volume de Líquidos Excessivo em gestantes

ABSTRACT Objective: To stablish a middle range theory for the understanding of the causal mechanisms and clinical consequentes of the nursing diagnosis Excess Fluid Volume (00026) among pregnant women. Method: The Middle Range Theory was constructed in five stages: defining of construction approach, establishing main concepts, elaborating propositions, developing a pictorial diagram, and establishing the causal relationships and evidence for practice of the Middle Range Theory. Results: We identified 14 clinical indicators and 6 causal factors of Excess Fluid Volume. A pictorial diagram was developed and relationships between Excess Fluid Volume elements were established with 6 propositions for them. Conclusion: The Middle Range Theory included both physiological and pathological conditions to explain Excess Fluid Volume. This Middle Range Theory might help in the better understanding of interactions between causal factors and clinical indicators of Excess Fluid Volume.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer una teoría de medio alcance para la comprensión de los mecanismos causales y consecuencias clínicas del diagnóstico de enfermería Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo (00026) en gestantes. Métodos: La teoría de medio alcance ha sido construida en cinco etapas: Definición del abordaje de construcción; Definición de los conceptos principales; Desarrollo de un esquema pictorial; Construcción de las proposiciones; y Establecimiento de las relaciones de causalidad y de evidencias para la práctica. Resultados: Han sido identificados 14 indicadores clínicos y 6 factores causales de Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo. Ha sido construido un diagrama pictorial y establecidas relaciones entre los elementos de Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo, con seis proposiciones para ellos. Conclusión: La teoría de medio alcance incluyó condiciones fisiológicas y patológicas para explicar el Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo; ella puede ayudar en la mejor comprensión de las interacciones entre los factores casuales e indicadores clínicos de Volumen de Líquidos Excesivo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estabelecer uma teoria de médio alcance para a compreensão dos mecanismos causais e consequências clínicas do diagnóstico de enfermagem Volume de Líquidos Excessivo (00026) em gestantes. Métodos: A Teoria de Médio Alcance foi construída em cinco etapas: Definição da abordagem de construção; Definição dos conceitos principais; Desenvolvimento de um esquema pictorial; Construção das proposições e Estabelecimento das relações de causalidade e de evidências para a prática. Resultados: Foram identificados 14 indicadores clínicos e 6 fatores causais de Volume de líquidos excessivo. Foi construído um diagrama pictorial e estabelecidas relações entre os elementos de Volume de líquidos excessivo, com seis proposições para eles. Conclusão: A Teoria de Médio Alcance incluiu tanto condições fisiológicas como patológicas para explicar o Volume de Líquidos Excessivo. A Teoria de Médio Alcance pode ajudar na melhor compreensão das interações entre os fatores causais e indicadores clínicos de Volume de líquidos excessivo.

Accuracy of the Defining Characteristics of the Nursing Diagnosis Hypothermia in Newborns.

PURPOSE: To analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of hypothermia in newborns and to verify associations between defining characteristics and clinical variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional accuracy study with statistical analysis. FINDINGS: Slow capillary refill, decrease in ventilation, peripheral vasoconstriction, and insufficient weight gain were the defining characteristics with the highest specificity values, while slow gastric emptying, skin cool to touch, irritability, and bradycardia were the defining characteristics with the highest values for both sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: Slow gastric emptying, skin cool to touch, irritability, and bradycardia are good clinical indicators to infer initial stages of hypothermia and to confirm its presence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Accuracy measures may contribute to the improvement of the diagnostic inferential process. OBJETIVO: Analisar acurácia das características definidoras de Hipotermia em recém-nascidos e identificar a associação delas com variáveis clínicas. MÉTODO: Estudo de acurácia transversal com análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Preenchimento capilar lento, diminuição da ventilação, vasoconstrição periférica e ganho de peso insuficiente apresentaram valores altos de especificidade enquanto esvaziamento gástrico lento, pele fria, irritabilidade e bradicardia apresentaram valores elevados de sensibilidade e especificidade. CONCLUSÃO: Esvaziamento gástrico lento, pele fria, irritabilidade e bradicardia são úteis para inferir estágios iniciais de hipotermia e para confirmação diagnóstica. IMPLICAÇÕES PARA PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM: Medidas de acurácia podem contribuir para o processo de inferência do diagnóstico hipotermia.

Validation of Clinical Indicators of the Nursing Diagnosis of Ineffective Protection in Adolescents With Cancer.

PURPOSE: To validate the clinical indicators of the nursing diagnosis of Ineffective protection in adolescents with cancer based on diagnostic accuracy measurements. DESIGN AND METHODS: Measurements of sensitivity and specificity for the indicators were calculated using latent class analysis with random effects in a sample of 127 adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age. RESULTS: The prevalence of diagnosis was estimated at 93.7%. The indicators deficient immunity and weakness showed higher sensitivity values, whereas opportunistic infections, recurrent infections, insomnia, mucosal lesions, and coughing showed high specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Seven indicators were clinically validated. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The validation of clinical indicators provides nurses with the knowledge of useful signs and symptoms to identify early spectra of a nursing diagnosis or confirm their presence in a specific population. In clinical practice, this knowledge contributes to an accurate diagnostic inference and the planning of nursing interventions directed to the idiosyncrasies of individuals.

Accuracy of the defining characteristics in nursing diagnoses of Hyperthermia in newborns / Precisión de las características definidoras del diagnóstico de enfermería Hipertermia en recién nascidos / Acurácia das características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem Hipertermia em recém-nascidos

ABSTRACT Objective: to clinically validate the accuracy of the defining characteristics in nursing diagnoses of Hyperthermia in newborns. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted in units of medium and high risk in a maternity from the city of Fortaleza-CE. A total of 216 newborns were evaluated to identify the defining characteristics of diagnoses. A latent class model with random effects was used to measure sensitivity and specificity. Results: Hyperthermia was present in 5.6% of the sample. The characteristics lack of suction maintenance (31.3%); skin warm to touch (25.5%); lethargy (24.2%); and tachypnea (21.4%) were the most frequent. Stupor presented higher sensitivity (99.9%) and specificity (100%) while vasodilation characteristics, irritability and lethargy only showed significant values for specificity (92.7%, 91.6% and 74.3%, respectively). Conclusion: four characteristics of high specificity contribute to Hyperthemia. However, stupor is the only one with significant sensitivity to identify it at its early-stage.

RESUMEN Objetivo: validar clínicamente las características definidoras del diagnóstico de enfermería, Hipertermia en recién nascidos. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en las unidades de medio y alto riesgo de una maternidad ubicada en la ciudad de Fortaleza-CE. Fueron evaluados 216 recién nascidos para la identificación de las características definidoras del diagnóstico en estudio. Un modelo de clase latente con efectos aleatorios fue utilizado para establecer las medidas de sensibilidad y especificidad. Resultados: La Hipertermia estuvo presente en el 5,6% de la prueba. Las características en el Mantenimiento de la succión (el 31,3%); la Piel caliente al toque (el 25,5%); la Letargia (el 24,2%); y la Taquipnea (el 21,4%) fueron más frecuentes. La característica estupor presentó la mayor sensibilidad (el 99,9%) y la especificidad (el 100%), mientras que las características vasodilatación, irritabilidad y letargia, presentaron solamente los valores de especificidad significativos, respectivamente el 92,7%, el 91,6% y el 74,3%. Conclusión: La Hipertermia está relacionada a la presencia de las cuatro características con alta especificidad, mientras tanto, la característica estupor fue la única con sensibilidad significativa para identificación del diagnóstico en etapa inicial.

RESUMO Objetivo: validar clinicamente as características definidoras do diagnóstico de enfermagem, Hipertermia em recém-nascidos. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em unidades de médio e alto risco de uma maternidade localizada na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Foram avaliados 216 recém-nascidos para a identificação das características definidoras do diagnóstico em estudo. Um modelo de classe latente com efeitos randômicos foi utilizado para estabelecer medidas de sensibilidade e especificidade. Resultados: a Hipertermia esteve presente em 5,6% da amostra. As características Não manutenção da sucção (31,3%); Pele quente ao toque (25,5%); Letargia (24,2%); e Taquipneia (21,4%) foram mais frequentes. A característica estupor apresentou maior sensibilidade (99,9%) e especificidade (100%), enquanto as características vasodilatação, irritabilidade e letargia, apresentaram apenas valores de especificidade significativos, respectivamente 92,7%, 91,6% e 74,3%. Conclusão: a Hipertermia está relacionada à presença das quatro características com alta especificidade, entretanto, a característica estupor foi a única com sensibilidade significativa para identificação do diagnóstico em estágio inicial.

Accuracy of the defining characteristics in nursing diagnoses of Hyperthermia in newborns.

OBJECTIVE: to clinically validate the accuracy of the defining characteristics in nursing diagnoses of Hyperthermia in newborns. METHOD: a cross-sectional study conducted in units of medium and high risk in a maternity from the city of Fortaleza-CE. A total of 216 newborns were evaluated to identify the defining characteristics of diagnoses. A latent class model with random effects was used to measure sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: Hyperthermia was present in 5.6% of the sample. The characteristics lack of suction maintenance (31.3%); skin warm to touch (25.5%); lethargy (24.2%); and tachypnea (21.4%) were the most frequent. Stupor presented higher sensitivity (99.9%) and specificity (100%) while vasodilation characteristics, irritability and lethargy only showed significant values for specificity (92.7%, 91.6% and 74.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: four characteristics of high specificity contribute to Hyperthemia. However, stupor is the only one with significant sensitivity to identify it at its early-stage.