ABSTRACT
The paper presents a new multi-step approach aiming at source identification and release history estimation. The new approach consists of three steps: performing integral pumping tests, identifying sources, and recovering the release history by means of a geostatistical approach. The present paper shows the results obtained from the application of the approach within a complex case study in Poland in which several areal sources were identified. The investigated site is situated in the vicinity of a former chemical plant in southern Poland in the city of Jaworzno in the valley of the Wawolnica River; the plant has been in operation since the First World War producing various chemicals. From an environmental point of view the most relevant activity was the production of pesticides, especially lindane. The application of the multi-step approach enabled a significant increase in the knowledge of contamination at the site. Some suspected contamination sources have been proven to have minor effect on the overall contamination. Other suspected sources have been proven to have key significance. Some areas not taken into consideration previously have now been identified as key sources. The method also enabled estimation of the magnitude of the sources and, a list of the priority reclamation actions will be drawn as a result. The multi-step approach has proven to be effective and may be applied to other complicated contamination cases. Moreover, the paper shows the capability of the geostatistical approach to manage a complex real case study.
Subject(s)
Groundwater/analysis , Models, Theoretical , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Chemical Industry , Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis , Industrial Waste , Insecticides/analysis , PolandABSTRACT
Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) synthase (TPS; EC 2.4.1.15) was isolated from muscles of Ascaris suum by ammonium sulphate fractionation, ion-exchange DEAE SEPHACEL(TM) anion exchanger column chromatography and Sepharose 6B gel filtration. On sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), 265-fold purified TPS exhibited a molecular weight of 66 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were 3.8-4.2 and 35°C, respectively. The isoelectric point (pI) of TPS was pH 5.4. The studied TPS was not absolutely substrate specific. Besides glucose 6-phosphate, the enzyme was able to use fructose 6-phosphate as an acceptor of glucose. TPS was activated by 10 mM MgCl2, 10 mM CaCl2 and 10 mM NaCl. In addition, it was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), KCl, FeCl3 and ZnCl2. Two genes encoding TPS were isolated and sequenced from muscles of the parasite. Complete coding sequences for tps1 (JF412033.2) and tps2 (JF412034.2) were 3917 bp and 3976 bp, respectively. Translation products (AEX60788.1 and AEX60787.1) showed expression to the glucosyltransferase-GTB-type superfamily.
Subject(s)
Ascaris suum/enzymology , Glucosyltransferases/genetics , Glucosyltransferases/metabolism , Animals , Chemical Fractionation , Chromatography, Gel , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , DNA, Helminth/chemistry , DNA, Helminth/genetics , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Enzyme Activators/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Enzyme Stability , Female , Glucosyltransferases/chemistry , Glucosyltransferases/isolation & purification , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Isoelectric Point , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Weight , Muscles/enzymology , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology , Substrate Specificity , TemperatureABSTRACT
The paper addresses data processing support that is required in capsule gastrointestinal endoscopy. First, capsule position estimation method using standard MPEG-7 image features (descriptors) is discussed. The proposed approach makes use of vector quantization, principal component analysis and neural networks. Next, new algorithms dedicated for virtual colonoscopy (VC) human body inspection are described. The VC images can be registered with endoscopic ones and help in capsule localization and navigation. Finally, an original, low-complexity, efficient image compression method, based on integer-to-integer 4x4 DCT transform, is presented and experimentally verified.
