Frequency, clinical characteristics, and respiratory parameters of hepatopulmonary syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and the clinical characteristics of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) in cirrhotic candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation and to identify the major respiratory parameters predictive of the presence of changes in arterial oxygenation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients underwent transthoracic contrast-enhanced echocardiography, pulmonary scintigraphy, pulmonary function test with diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and measurement of arterial blood gases. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were studied. Twenty-five patients (45%) presented with intrapulmonary vascular dilatations, but only 9 (16%) fulfilled the criteria for HPS. The clinical or demographic characteristics considered did not differ in the patients with and without HPS. The DLCO value was significantly lower in patients with HPS (P=.01). However, 32 (80%) of 40 patients with low DLCO values did not fulfill the criteria for HPS. An alveolar arterial oxygen gradient (AaPO2) of more than 20 mm Hg showed a higher diagnostic accuracy (91%) in the assessment of HPS than did the DLCO of less than 80% predicted (41%) and the AaPO2 of more than 15 mm Hg (71%). CONCLUSIONS: The AaPO2 proved to be a more reliable index than PaO2 and DLCO for the determination of changes in arterial oxygenation in HPS. The DLCO does not seem to be a good marker for HPS screening. Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations were frequent, even in patients who did not fulfill the criteria for HPS.

Chronic liver disease in kidney recipients with hepatitis C virus infection.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive test is higher among patients in dialysis and in kidney recipients than in general population. Hepatitis C virus infection is the main cause of chronic liver disease in renal transplant patients. Liver biopsy and virological analysis were performed to clarify the grade of liver damage in kidney recipients. METHODS: Renal recipients patients with at least 5 yr under immunosuppression were submitted to clinical and laboratory analysis. Patients who tested anti-HCV positive were candidates to liver biopsy with no regard to transaminase levels. RESULTS: Forty-five patients tested anti-HCV positive and 42 anti-HCV negative. Twenty-six anti-HCV and RNA-HCV positive patients were submitted to liver biopsy. Seventy-three percentage of these patients presented chronic active hepatitis, from these only one patient presented cirrhosis. Only 29% of the anti-HCV positive group presented elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. Anti-HCV positive patients presented longer previous time on dialysis and less rejection episodes than the group anti-HCV negative (p < 0.05). All anti-HCV positive patients but one tested RNA-HCV positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CONCLUSIONS: In this series the prevalence of anti-HCV positive is 51.7%. Most of the patients presented liver damage in histology caused by HCV. However, we found only mild or minimal fibrosis and inflammatory activity grade, despite 10 yr of HCV infection and 5 yr of immunosuppressive treatment. Only one patient presented cirrhosis (4%). Performing serial liver biopsies in a long-term follow-up is needed to clarify the impact of HCV infection in renal transplant patients.

Transplante de fígado. Relato do primeiro caso realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeiräo Preto da Universidade de Säo Paulo / Liver transplantation. Case report of the first patient submitted to this procedure at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeiräo Preto-USP

O transplante de fígado constitui o principal tratamento para os pacientes portadores de doença hepática crônica ou aguda, em situações em que outras opções terapêuticas clínicas e/ou cirúrgicas näo tenham sido eficazes no controle da doença. Dentre as doenças do fígado, o carcinoma hepatocelular, quando de pequeno tamanho, constitui uma das indicações para a realizaçäo do transplante. Relatamos o caso do primeiro paciente submetido ao transplante de fígado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeiräo - USP. Ele era portador de cirrose hepática pelo vírus da hepatite C, associada à presença de carcinoma hepatocelular; enquanto em lista de espera pelo transplante, foi submetido à embolizaçäo arterial e alcoolizaçäo tumoral com o intuito de ser impedida a progressäo da neoplasia. O transplante de fígado foi realizado sem intercorrências cirúrgicas, utilizando-se a técnica de piggyback com anastomose biliar colédoco-colédoco com permanência de dreno de Kher. O esquema imunossupressor utilizado foi o duplo, associando-se ciclosporina A e prednisona. No nono dia de pós-operatório, ocorreu episódio de rejeiçäo celular, tratado com sucesso com metilprednisolona (1.0 g/.dia, IV durante três dias). O paciente recebeu alta hospitalar no 13° dia de pós-operatório. O caso evidencia a importância do diagnóstico precoce e a indicaçäo do transplante de fígado em portadores de carcinoma hepatocelular, bem como, uma das possíveis complicações no pós-operatório. A concretizaçäo de mais um grupo especializado no tratamento das doenças crônicas do fígado e o desenvolvimento científico, tecnológico e de ensino da Regiäo de Ribeiräo Preto, no interior do Estado de Säo Paulo, possibilitaram a realizaçäo, com sucesso, do caso aqui relatado