Accuracy of the defining characteristics of respiratory nursing diagnoses in patients with COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of four respiratory nursing diagnoses (ND) in patients with COVID-19 and on oxygen therapy. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in four Brazilian public hospitals in two regions of the country. A total of 474 patients with COVID-19 receiving oxygen therapy were assessed. Latent-adjusted class analysis with random effects was used to establish the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the defining characteristics evaluated for each ND. RESULTS: Among the ND that constituted the study (impaired spontaneous ventilatory, impaired gas exchange, ineffective airway clearance, and dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response), the following defining characteristics had the highest simultaneous Se and Sp (>0.8): decrease in tidal volume, confusion, irritability, dyspnea, decreased breath sounds, orthopnea, impaired ability to cooperate and respond to coaching, and decrease in the level of consciousness. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing the clinical signs that predict respiratory ND in patients affected by COVID-19 can contribute to the nurse's accurate diagnostic inference and designate the appropriate nursing interventions to achieve the desired results and avoid complications.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a acurácia das características definidoras de quatro Diagnósticos de Enfermagem (DE) respiratórios em pacientes com COVID­19 e em uso de oxigenoterapia. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado em quatro hospitais públicos brasileiros de duas regiões do país. Foram avaliados 474 pacientes diagnosticados com COVID­19 e em uso de oxigenoterapia. A análise de classe latente ajustada com efeitos randômicos foi utilizada para estabelecer a sensibilidade (Se) e especificidade (Sp) das características definidoras avaliadas para cada DE. RESULTADOS: As características definidoras volume corrente diminuído, confusão, irritabilidade, dispneia, sons respiratórios diminuídos, ortopneia, capacidade prejudicada para cooperar e responder orientações, e nível de consciência diminuído foram as que obtiveram maior sensibilidade e especificidade simultaneamente (> 0.8) dentre os diagnósticos de enfermagem compuseram o estudo: Ventilação espontânea prejudicada, Resposta disfuncional ao desmame, Desobstrução ineficaz das vias aéreas e Troca de gases prejudicada. CONCLUSÕES: Conhecer os sinais clínicos preditores dos diagnósticos de enfermagem respiratórios em pacientes acometidos por COVID­19 pode contribuir para a inferência diagnóstica acurada do enfermeiro e designar as intervenções de enfermagem apropriadas para atingir os resultados desejados e evitar complicações.

Biochemical changes, metal content, and spectroscopic analysis in sewage sludge composted with lignocellulosic residue using FTIR-MIR and FTIR-NIR.

The use of lignocellulosic residues, originating from sawdust, in composting sewage sludge for organic fertilizer production, is a practice of growing interest. However, few studies have explored the effect of the proportion of sawdust and sewage sludge raw materials on composting performance in the humification process. This study assessed the addition of sawdust in the sewage sludge composting process, regarding carbon content, presence of heavy metals, and humification of the organic compost. The experimental design employed was a randomized complete block design with five treatments featuring different proportions of organic residues to achieve C/N ratios between 30-1 (T1: 100% sewage sludge and 0% sawdust, T2: 86% sewage sludge and 14.0% sawdust, T3: 67% sewage sludge and 33% sawdust, T4: 55% sewage sludge and 45% sawdust, and T5: 46.5% sewage sludge and 53.5% sawdust) and five replications, totaling 25 experimental units. The addition of lignocellulosic residue in sewage sludge composting increased the levels of TOC and the C/N ratio, reduced the levels of pH, P, N, Na, Ba, and Cr, and did not interfere with the levels of K, Ca, Mg, S, CEC, labile carbon, and metals Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb. The increase in the proportion of sawdust residue favored the degradation of aliphatic groups, increasing the presence of aromatic structures and reducing humification at the end of composting. The use of sawdust as a lignocellulosic residue in sewage sludge composting is a viable and efficient alternative to produce high-quality organomineral fertilizers.

Health care for LGBTI+ elders living in Nursing Homes.

OBJECTIVE: to describe and analyze the scientific production on health care for Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites, Transsexuals, Transgenders, Intersex (LGBTI+) and other variations of gender or sexual orientation living in Nursing Homes (NHs). METHODS: a scoping review, in which PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Virtual Health Library databases were analyzed and studies from other sources were added. After assessment by two independent reviewers, 19 publications were selected to compose the sample. RESULTS: the studies were grouped into two categories. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: NHs are configured as spaces that are not very inclusive, where LGBTI+ elders' demands are not considered due to the cis-heteronormativity in force in these places. Training and awareness of health professionals on the LGBTI+ theme is a tool that can make such spaces more inclusive for this population.

Health care for LGBTI+ elders living in Nursing Homes / Atención de salud para residents LGBTI+ en Hogares para Ancianos / Assistência à saúde de residentes LGBTI+ em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe and analyze the scientific production on health care for Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites, Transsexuals, Transgenders, Intersex (LGBTI+) and other variations of gender or sexual orientation living in Nursing Homes (NHs). Methods: a scoping review, in which PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Virtual Health Library databases were analyzed and studies from other sources were added. After assessment by two independent reviewers, 19 publications were selected to compose the sample. Results: the studies were grouped into two categories. Final considerations: NHs are configured as spaces that are not very inclusive, where LGBTI+ elders' demands are not considered due to the cis-heteronormativity in force in these places. Training and awareness of health professionals on the LGBTI+ theme is a tool that can make such spaces more inclusive for this population.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir y analizar la producción científica sobre el cuidado de la salud de la población de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Travestis, Transexuales, Transgénero, Intersexuales (LGBTI+) y otras variaciones de género u orientación sexual que residen en Hogares para Ancianos (HP). Métodos: revisión de alcance, en la que se analizaron las bases de datos de PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y estudios agregados de otras fuentes. Tras la evaluación de dos revisores independientes, se seleccionaron 19 publicaciones para componer la muestra. Resultados: los estudios se agruparon en dos categorías. Consideraciones finales: los HP son espacios poco inclusivos, donde no se consideran las demandas de la población LGBTI+ anciana debido a la cis-heteronormatividad vigente en estos lugares. La formación y sensibilización de los profesionales de la salud sobre la temática LGBTI+ es una herramienta que puede hacer que dichos espacios sean más inclusivos para esta población.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever e analisar a produção científica sobre a assistência à saúde da população de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transexuais, Transgêneros, Intersexuais (LGBTI+) e outras variações de gênero ou orientação sexual residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI). Métodos: revisão de escopo, em que foram analisadas as bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde e acrescentados estudos de outras fontes. Após avaliação de dois revisores independentes, foram selecionadas 19 publicações para compor a amostra. Resultados: os estudos foram agrupados em duas categorias. Considerações finais: as ILPI configuram-se como espaços pouco inclusivos, onde as demandas da população idosa LGBTI+ não são consideradas devido à cis-heteronormatividade vigentes nesses locais. O treinamento e a sensibilização dos profissionais de saúde quanto à temática LGBTI+ é uma ferramenta que pode tornar tais espaços mais inclusivos para essa população.

LC-MS bioanalytical method for simultaneous determination of latanoprost and minoxidil in the skin.

The association of minoxidil sulphate and latanoprost is currently emerging as a promising strategy for the treatment of androgenic alopecia, which is the most common type of scalp hair loss. In order to support the development of new pharmaceutical products containing such drugs combination, this study proposes a simple and efficient LC-MS bioanalytical method to simultaneously quantify minoxidil sulphate and latanoprost in different skin layers. Compounds separation was performed by liquid chromatography using a C18 column with gradient elution of a mobile phase composed of 0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min-1. Determinations were executed using mass spectrometry equipped with an ESI interface operating in a positive ionization mode. Quantification was performed using selective ion mode monitoring of m/z 210.1 for minoxidil sulphate and 433.3 for latanoprost. The matrix effect was very pronounced in samples containing some skin layers or electrolyte solution. Accordingly, a calibration curve for each contaminant group was built, leading to correlation coefficient values higher than 0.99. Additionally, lower limits of detection and quantification were obtained, and precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) achieved results with a coefficient of variation less than 15 %. Drug recovery from skin samples was higher than 70 %, fulfilling the recommendations. Also, the bioanalytical method was successfully tested in in vitro skin penetration studies proving its effectiveness in the development of topical formulations containing both drugs.

Adjuvant therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for most patients submitted to resection due to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) staged as II or IIIA. However, although various chemotherapy regimens that include cisplatin have been used in phase III trials, the best choice remains unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the experience of the Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA, Brazilian National Cancer Institute), located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the use of the cisplatin-etoposide combination in such patients, with a special focus on survival data. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the medical charts of the patients receiving adjuvant therapy for NSCLC at the INCA between 2004 and 2008. RESULTS: We included 51 patients, all of whom were treated with the cisplatin-etoposide combination. The median follow-up period was 31 months, and the median overall survival was 57 months. In the univariate analysis, median survival was lower in the patients submitted to chemotherapy plus radiotherapy than in those submitted to chemotherapy alone (19 vs. 57 months; p < 0.001), and there was a trend toward lower median survival in stage III patients than in stage I-II patients (34 vs. 57 months; p = 0.22). Overall survival was not significantly associated with gender (p = 0.70), histological pattern (p = 0.33), or cisplatin dose (p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, and our survival data are similar to those reported in major randomized clinical trials. However, long-term follow-up is warranted in this population.

Tratamento adjuvante em câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas / Adjuvant therapy for non-small cell lung cancer

OBJETIVO: A quimioterapia adjuvante é recomendada na maioria dos casos de câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas (CPCNP) ressecados em pacientes nos estádios II ou IIIA. No entanto, diferentes esquemas quimioterápicos contendo cisplatina foram utilizados em estudos de fase III, e a melhor escolha permanece obscura. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a experiência do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), com o uso da combinação de cisplatina e etoposídeo nessa situação, com especial foco para os dados de sobrevida. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os prontuários dos pacientes com diagnóstico de CPCNP que receberam terapia adjuvante no INCA entre 2004 e 2008. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 51 pacientes, e todos foram tratados com a combinação de cisplatina e etoposídeo. A mediana de tempo de seguimento foi de 31 meses de seguimento, e a mediana de sobrevida global foi de 57 meses. Na análise univariada, a sobrevida foi inferior nos pacientes submetidos a radioterapia + quimioterapia do que aqueles somente submetidos a quimioterapia (mediana de 19 vs. 57 meses; p < 0,001), e houve uma tendência a menor sobrevida nos pacientes em estádio III em relação àqueles em estádios I-II (mediana de 34 vs. 57 meses, respectivamente; p = 0,22). Não houve associações significativas entre a sobrevida global e gênero (p = 0,70), padrão histológico (p = 0,33) ou dose de cisplatina (p = 0,13). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados corroboram a utilização da quimioterapia adjuvante, e os resultados de sobrevida se aproximam daqueles descritos nos principais ensaios clínicos randomizados. Contudo, é importante o acompanhamento a longo prazo nessa população.

OBJECTIVE: Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for most patients submitted to resection due to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) staged as II or IIIA. However, although various chemotherapy regimens that include cisplatin have been used in phase III trials, the best choice remains unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the experience of the Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA, Brazilian National Cancer Institute), located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the use of the cisplatin-etoposide combination in such patients, with a special focus on survival data. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the medical charts of the patients receiving adjuvant therapy for NSCLC at the INCA between 2004 and 2008. RESULTS: We included 51 patients, all of whom were treated with the cisplatin-etoposide combination. The median follow-up period was 31 months, and the median overall survival was 57 months. In the univariate analysis, median survival was lower in the patients submitted to chemotherapy plus radiotherapy than in those submitted to chemotherapy alone (19 vs. 57 months; p < 0.001), and there was a trend toward lower median survival in stage III patients than in stage I-II patients (34 vs. 57 months; p = 0.22). Overall survival was not significantly associated with gender (p = 0.70), histological pattern (p = 0.33), or cisplatin dose (p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, and our survival data are similar to those reported in major randomized clinical trials. However, long-term follow-up is warranted in this population.

O diagnóstico de morte encefálica e o processo de captação de órgãos para transplante: aspectos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do saber doprofissional de enfermagem / Brain death diagnosis and the organ Caption for transplants: fundamental aspects to develop the nursing knowledge

A assistência de enfermagem é uma importante ferramenta para aumentar a captação de órgãos para transplante.Um conhecimento prévio sobre o assunto é necessário para permitir uma perfeita integração do profissional de enfermagem durante este processo. O presente trabalho e' um estudodescritivo que explica os aspectos fundamentais para o diagnóstico de morte encefálica, sua importância para a captação de órgãos para transplante e os protocolos obrigatórios que devem ser realizados por enfermeiros e médicos para permitir a captação de órgãos para transplante desde a ocorrência da autorização familiar para a doação de orgãos do paciente. Esteconhecimento pode ser útil para melhorar a assistência de enfermagem durante todo o processo, possibilitando o aumento da captação de órgãos para transplantes.

The nursing assistance is an important tool to improve the organ caption for transplantation. A previous knowedge is necessary to allow a perfect integration of the nursing professional during this process. The present work is a descriptive study that explains the fundamental aspects related tothe brain death diagnosis, its importance to the organ caption and the mandatory protocols that must be performed by nurses and doctors to allow the organ caption for transplantation sincethe occurrence of a familiar permission for organ donation. This knowledge may be useful to improve the nursing assistance during the whole process enabling the increase of organ captionfor transplantation.

Avaliação da função visual em crianças com paralisia cerebral tipo tetraparesia e diparesia espástica: apresentação de um instrumento em terapia ocupacional / Developmental vision assessment in children with spastic diplegic and tetraplegic cerebral palsy: an instrument for intervention in occupational therapy

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a aplicabilidade e a eficiência da Erhardt Developmental Vision Assessment (Short) - EDVA-S na análise do comportamento visual de crianças com paralisia cerebral atendidas no setor de Terapia Ocupacional Infantil da Associação de Assistência a Criança Deficiente - AACD. Foi utilizada a segunda seção dessa avaliação, composta por quatro componentes: localização, fixação, seguimento e troca da posição do olhar, que foi aplicada por terapeutas ocupacionais, relacionando os achados e as avaliações clínicas realizadas por oftalmologistas e ortoptistas. Realizou-se estudo observacional prospectivo em amostra de 14 crianças entre 12 e 42 meses de idade, com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral tipo tetraparesia e diparesia espástica. O estudo mostrou que 85,72% das crianças apresentaram alterações nas funções visuais. As crianças com diparesia obtiveram maior pontuação e homogeneidade nas respostas, principalmente em relação aos componentes fixação e localização. As crianças com tetraparesia apresentaram desempenho heterogêneo em todos os componentes avaliados. Foi observado maior déficit no componente troca da posição do olhar em ambos os grupos. A análise estatística mostrou correlação entre a EDVA-S e a presença de estrabismo e nistagmo. Apesar da amostra reduzida, este estudo indicou que a EDVA-S, associada as avaliações oftalmológica e ortóptica, pode ser um instrumento auxiliar ao programa de terapia ocupacional em pacientes com paralisia cerebral, pois avalia o desempenho oculomotor, detectando as déficits e as habilidades apresentadas pelas crianças, oferecendo aos profissionais informações essenciais para melhor planejamento terapêutico.

The aim of this study was to verificate the application and efficiency of the Erhardt Developmental Vision Assessment (Short) - EDVA-S in analyzing the visual behavior in children with cerebral palsy in treatment at the Occupational Therapy Service of the Association for Assistance of Incapacity Children - AACD. It was used the second section of the assessment with four components: localization, fixation, ocular pursuit and gaze shift, applied by occupational therapists, and the findings were related to clinical assessments by ophthalmologists and orthoptists. This is an observational prospective study involving 14 children (12 to 42 months of age) with spastic diplegic and tetraplegic cerebral palsy. The results showed that 85,72% of children had visual dysfunctions. The children with diplegic cerebral palsy had the highest score and homogeneous answers, mainly in the fixation and localization components. The tetraplegics showed heterogeneous answers in all the components. The worst performance in both groups was in the gaze shift component. Statistical analysis showed correlation between EDVA-S and the presence of strabismus and nystagmus. In spite of the reduced sample, this study indicated that EDVA-S, associated to ophthalmologics and orthoptics assessments, can be an adjuvant instrument to the occupational therapy program for patients with cerebral palsy, because it evaluates the eye-hand coordination performance, detecting deficits and abilities showed by the children, offering to the professional essential informations for best planning the treatment.

Avaliação da função visual em crianças com paralisia cerebral tipo tetraparesia e diparesia espástica: apresentação de um instrumento em terapia ocupacional / Developmental vision assessment in children with spastic diplegic and tetraplegic cerebral palsy: an instrument for intervention in occupational therapy

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a aplicabilidade e a eficiência da Erhardt Developmental Vision Assessment (Short) - EDVA-S na análise do comportamento visual de crianças com paralisia cerebral atendidas no setor de Terapia Ocupacional Infantil da Associação de Assistência a Criança Deficiente - AACD. Foi utilizada a segunda seção dessa avaliação, composta por quatro componentes: localização, fixação, seguimento e troca da posição do olhar, que foi aplicada por terapeutas ocupacionais, relacionando os achados e as avaliações clínicas realizadas por oftalmologistas e ortoptistas. Realizou-se estudo observacional prospectivo em amostra de 14 crianças entre 12 e 42 meses de idade, com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral tipo tetraparesia e diparesia espástica. O estudo mostrou que 85,72% das crianças apresentaram alterações nas funções visuais. As crianças com diparesia obtiveram maior pontuação e homogeneidade nas respostas, principalmente em relação aos componentes fixação e localização. As crianças com tetraparesia apresentaram desempenho heterogêneo em todos os componentes avaliados. Foi observado maior déficit no componente troca da posição do olhar em ambos os grupos. A análise estatística mostrou correlação entre a EDVA-S e a presença de estrabismo e nistagmo. Apesar da amostra reduzida, este estudo indicou que a EDVA-S, associada as avaliações oftalmológica e ortóptica, pode ser um instrumento auxiliar ao programa de terapia ocupacional em pacientes com paralisia cerebral, pois avalia o desempenho oculomotor, detectando as déficits e as habilidades apresentadas pelas crianças, oferecendo aos profissionais informações essenciais para melhor planejamento terapêutico.(AU)

The aim of this study was to verificate the application and efficiency of the Erhardt Developmental Vision Assessment (Short) - EDVA-S in analyzing the visual behavior in children with cerebral palsy in treatment at the Occupational Therapy Service of the Association for Assistance of Incapacity Children - AACD. It was used the second section of the assessment with four components: localization, fixation, ocular pursuit and gaze shift, applied by occupational therapists, and the findings were related to clinical assessments by ophthalmologists and orthoptists. This is an observational prospective study involving 14 children (12 to 42 months of age) with spastic diplegic and tetraplegic cerebral palsy. The results showed that 85,72% of children had visual dysfunctions. The children with diplegic cerebral palsy had the highest score and homogeneous answers, mainly in the fixation and localization components. The tetraplegics showed heterogeneous answers in all the components. The worst performance in both groups was in the gaze shift component. Statistical analysis showed correlation between EDVA-S and the presence of strabismus and nystagmus. In spite of the reduced sample, this study indicated that EDVA-S, associated to ophthalmologics and orthoptics assessments, can be an adjuvant instrument to the occupational therapy program for patients with cerebral palsy, because it evaluates the eye-hand coordination performance, detecting deficits and abilities showed by the children, offering to the professional essential informations for best planning the treatment.(AU)