ABSTRACT
This article presents an update on the control of the intrapartum fetal wellbeing including the following aspects: methods of monitoring the fetal heart rate and the uterine dynamic and uterine contraction parameters. Moreover, the assessment of intrapartum CTG records is described by analyzing the fetal heart rate in relation to uterine contractions. The different types of fetal heart rate decelerations: early late and variable, its clinical significance and the guidelines to follow in each one of them are evaluated. Finally, the parameters that make up a normal CTG registration are defined.
Subject(s)
Cardiotocography , Biophysical Phenomena , Cardiotocography/methods , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Uterine ContractionABSTRACT
En este artículo se presenta una actualización sobre el control del bienestar fetal intraparto que comprende los siguientes aspectos: métodos de control de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal y de la dinámica uterina y parámetros de la contracción uterina. Asimismo, se describe la valoración de los registros cardiotocográficos intraparto analizando la frecuencia cardiaca fetal en relación con la dinámica uterina. Se evalúan los diferentes tipos de deceleraciones de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal: precoces, tardías y variables, su significado clínico y la conducta que seguir en cada una de ellas. Finalmente, se definen los parámetros que componen un registro cardiotocográfico normal (AU)
This article presents an update on the control of the intrapartum fetal wellbeing including the following aspects: methods of monitoring the fetal heart rate and the uterine dynamic and uterine contraction parameters. Moreover, the assessment of intrapartum CTG records is described by analyzing the fetal heart rate in relation to uterine contractions. The different types of fetal heart rate decelerations: early late and variable, its clinical significance and the guidelines to follow in each one of them are evaluated. Finally, the parameters that make up a normal CTG registration are defined (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Fetal Development/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Uterine Monitoring/methods , Uterine Monitoring/nursing , Fetal Monitoring/nursing , Fetal Monitoring/trends , Uterine Contraction/physiology , Cardiotocography/nursing , Biophysics , Auscultation/nursing , Heart Auscultation/nursingABSTRACT
El estreptococo del grupo B (EGB) constituye la principal causa de morbimortalidad neonatal y de morbilidad materna durante el embarazo y el posparto. Coloniza el aparato digestivo y el genitourinario en un 10-30% de las gestantes, con una tasa de transmisión vertical del 50%. De entre los recién nacidos colonizados, un 1-2% desarrollará una sepsis grave precoz. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de conocer las estrategias de prevención de la infección neonatal por EGB. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que las recomendaciones para su prevención consisten en el cribado universal prenatal de colonización por EGB mediante cultivo vaginorrectal a las 35-37 semanas, y la administración de profilaxis antibiótica intraparto a todas las embarazadas portadoras
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal morbimortality and maternal morbidity during pregnancy and postpartum.GBS colonizes the gastrointestinal and genitourinary apparatus in 10-30% of pregnant women, having a vertical transmission rate of 50%.1-2% of the colonized newborns develop early severe sepsis. A literature review has been performed in order to find the strategies for prevention of neonatal GBS infection. The results show that recommendations for prevention consist on universal prenatal screening for GBS colonization by vaginal and rectal culture at 35-37 weeks, and the administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to all pregnant carriers
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Mass Screening/methods , Antibiotic ProphylaxisABSTRACT
En este artículo se presenta una actualización sobre el control del bienestar fetal anteparto, que incluye la monitorización biofísica con el test no estresante y el test estresante y su valoración. Se describen los parámetros de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal -la línea de base, la variabilidad y los ascensos transitorios de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal- en relación con los movimientos fetales, su significado clínico y la actuación que deriva del mismo (AU)
This article provides an update on the control of antepartum fetal well-being, including the biophysical monitoring with nonstressful and stressful test and its evaluation. The fetal heart rate -base line, variability and transitional increases in fetal heart rate- are described based on fetal movements, its clinical meaning and actions derived from it (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Heart Rate, Fetal/physiology , Fetal Monitoring/instrumentation , Fetal Monitoring/methods , Fetal Monitoring/nursing , Nurse's Role , Biophysics/methods , Biophysics/trends , Cardiotocography/nursing , Life Change EventsABSTRACT
This article provides an update on the control of antepartum fetal well-being, including the biophysical monitoring with non-stressful and stressful test and its evaluation. The fetal heart rate--base line, variability and transitional increases in fetal heart rate--are described based on fetal movements, its clinical meaning and actions derived from it.
Subject(s)
Fetal Monitoring/methods , Biophysical Phenomena , Female , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
Náuseas y vómitos constituyen la afectación más común en la primeramitad del embarazo. Suelen aparecer entre las semanas 4-6 degestación, con una máxima incidencia entre la 8 y la 12 y suelen desaparecerantes de la semana 20. Es importante conocer los posiblesfactores desencadenantes e instaurar la conducta terapéutica precozmente,pues tienen un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de laembarazada. La conducta terapéutica debe incluir cambios en los hábitoshigiénico-dietéticos, tratamiento no farmacológico como la acupresióny, en caso necesario, tratamiento con antieméticos (AU)
Nausea and vomiting are the most common affectation during the firsthalf of pregnancy. They usually appear between the fourth and 6th week ofpregnancy, with a maximum incidence between the 8th and 12th weeksand generally tend to disappear before the 20th week. It is important toknow the possible triggering factors and therefore to set up an early therapeuticsbehavior, since they have a negative impact in the quality of lifeof the pregnant woman. The therapeutic behavior shall include changes inthe hygienic and dietary customs, non pharmacological treatment such asacupressure and, in the necessary case, treatment with antemetics (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Morning Sickness/epidemiology , Morning Sickness/therapy , Morning Sickness/diagnosisABSTRACT
Náuseas y vómitos constituyen la afectación más común en la primera mitad del embarazo. Suelen aparecer entre las semanas 4-6 de gestación, con una máxima incidencia entre la 8 y la 12 y suelen desaparecer antes de la semana 20. Es importante conocer los posibles factores desencadenantes e instaurar la conducta terapéutica precozmente,pues tienen un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida de la embarazada. La conducta terapéutica debe incluir cambios en los hábitos higiénico-dietéticos, tratamiento no farmacológico como la acupresión y, en caso necesario, tratamiento con antieméticos (AU)
Nausea and vomiting are the most common affectation during the first half of pregnancy. They usually appear between the fourth and 6th week of pregnancy, with a maximum incidence between the 8th and 12th weeks and generally tend to disappear before the 20th week. It is important to know the possible triggering factors and therefore to set up an early therapeutics behavior, since they have a negative impact in the quality of life of the pregnant woman. The therapeutic behavior shall include changes in the hygienic and dietary customs, non pharmacological treatment such as acupressure and, in the necessary case, treatment with antemetics (AU)
