ABSTRACT
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do inseticida botânico nim em larvas de Ceratitis capitata, bem como no parasitismo destas larvas por Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Para tanto, larvas de 3o ínstar de C. capitata foram mergulhadas por 30 segundos em soluções contendo as concentrações de 0,5%, 1% e 1,5% de um produto comercial à base de óleo de nim a 0,37% (3.686 ppm), além da testemunha mergulhada apenas em água destilada. Em seguida, as larvas foram expostas ao parasitismo de D. longicaudata por um período de 2 horas e 30 minutos. No experimento sem chance de escolha, para cada tratamento, uma única "unidade de parasitismo" foi pendurada no interior da gaiola. No experimento com livre escolha, as "unidades de parasitismo" foram penduradas no interior de uma mesma gaiola, de forma que os parasitoides tivessem livre acesso a todos os tratamentos. No experimento sem livre escolha, foi constatado que o aumento da concentração de nim diminuiu a atração das fêmeas, o número de fêmeas que efetuaram postura, o índice de parasitismo e a emergência dos parasitoides. No experimento com livre escolha, verificou-se que a emergência dos parasitoides e o índice de parasitismo também foram prejudicados nas maiores concentrações de nim. A ação isolada do nim, quando em contato com as larvas de 3o instar, não afetou a emergência de C. capitata.
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the action of the botanic insecticide neem oil on larvae of Ceratitis capitata, as well as in the parasitism of these larvae by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Third-instar larvae were immersed for 30 seconds in a neem solution, in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of a commercial product composed of 0.37% (3.686 ppm) neem oil, while the controls were immersed only in distilled water. Soon afterwards the larvae were exposed to parasitism of D. longicaudata for 2 hours and 30 minutes. In the no-choice experiment, for every treatment, a single "parasitism unit" was hung inside the cage. In the experiment with free choice, "parasitism units" were hung inside another cage, so that the parasitoids had free access to all treatments. In the no-choice experiment, it was ascertained that the increase of the neem oil concentration decreased the attraction of the females, the number of females that lay, the parasitism rate and parasitoid emergency. In the experiment with free choice, it was ascertained that the emergence of parasitoids and parasitism rate were harmed at the larger neem oil concentrations. The isolated action of neem oil, when in contact with the third-instar larvae, did not affect the emergence of C. capitata.
Subject(s)
Ceratitis capitata , Azadirachta/chemistry , Hymenoptera , Insect Repellents/analysisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: There are several options to consider in the design of a vault that will house a cyclotron for radioisotopes production with regards to the door entrance. Alternatives are a direct-shielded door, a simple maze, or a double-legged maze. In this work, the impact of the neutron and photon doses at the vault entrance was evaluated for these options. METHODS: Monte Carlo simulations were carried out in order to assess photon and neutron ambient dose equivalents. Simulations results were compared to experimental measurements taken inside a vault with a direct-shielded door. RESULTS: The double-legged maze is the configuration that provides the higher degree of radiological protection at the vault entrance. In addition, the fact of the location of the cyclotron target plays an important role in the ambient dose equivalents. CONCLUSIONS: The comparison performed between measurements and results of MCNP simulations confirmed a favorable agreement; maze legs reduce the neutron energies at the entrances of the vault. However, a degree of dose reduction similar to the one obtained for a two-legged maze can be achieved with the addition of shielding against neutrons in the inner maze entrance to act as a second door. A choice of a vault design is more evident by comparing the results of this study.
Subject(s)
Cyclotrons , Equipment Design/methods , Nuclear Medicine , Radiation Protection/instrumentation , Radioisotopes/adverse effects , Monte Carlo Method , Neutrons , Polyethylene , Radiation DosageABSTRACT
This paper aims to demonstrate the importance of the regulatory inspections carried out by the Brazilian regulatory body in the area of nuclear medicine. The main aspects observed during the inspections are presented as well as the time evolution of the non-compliances, according to their occurrence by type. We also evaluate factors concerning the working of the nuclear medicine facility responsible for solving the non-compliances. The results suggest a decrease of occurrence of non-compliances with time that can be related to the strictness of the inspections and the awareness of the personnel in the nuclear medicine facilities. An analysis of radiation dose exposure levels for the professionals involved in nuclear medicine was carried out; although dose values are below regulatory dose limits, their occurrence is not decreasing satisfactorily. Results indicate the need for staff training and commitment of the responsible nuclear medicine facility staff to the radiological protection procedures. Our results also emphasise the importance of continuous coercive actions to improve the level of radiological protection in nuclear medicine facilities in compliance with the standards established by the national regulatory authority and international recommendations.
Subject(s)
Government Regulation , Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Nuclear Medicine/statistics & numerical data , Nuclear Medicine/standards , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Radiation Protection/legislation & jurisprudence , Radiation Protection/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Nuclear Medicine/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
Most Brazilian Yersinia pestis isolates display a typical plasmid profile composed of the three classical plasmids: pYV, pPst and pFra. However, some cultures lack at least one of these plasmids, while a few of them harbour atypical DNA bands of molecular weight ranging from 147 to 11.5 kb. To investigate whether Y. pestis displaying atypical plasmid content could be propagated among rodents in nature through flea bites, we carried out studies with fleas ( Xenopsylla cheopis) and rodents ( Calomys callosus) reared in the laboratory and five Y. pestis cultures differing in plasmid content. The results suggest that: (1) the single presence of pYV is not sufficient for the transmission of Y. pestis by fleas, (2) pPst is not essential for transmission, (3) two atypical DNA bands of molecular weight of 30 kb and >90 kb have no biological role, and (4) pFra is required for the transmission of Y. pestis by flea bites. Other studies are needed to determine whether this plasmid alone is sufficient for transmission.
Subject(s)
Muridae/microbiology , Plague/transmission , Plasmids/genetics , Siphonaptera/microbiology , Yersinia pestis/genetics , Animals , Culture Media , Host-Parasite Interactions , Mice , Plasmids/physiology , Yersinia pestis/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Foi realizado um estudo ergométrico em 14 pacientes fisicamente condicionados. Os radicais livres foram dosados antes por quimioluminescência no sangue, imediatamente após o teste e 15 minutos após o teste. A seguir, três dias após, o teste foi repetido de maneira similar com os pacientes ingerindo manitol por via sublingual. Observou-se uma elevaçåo significativa dos radicais livres nas amostras após exercício, retornando ao normal aos 15 minutos pós-teste. O manitol diminuiu significativamente a elevaçåo dos radicais livres pós-exercício. A ceruloplasmina se elevou após a ingeståo de manitol, o que pôde explicar a queda dos radicais livres
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Ceruloplasmin/analysis , Ergometry , Free Radicals/analysis , Luminescence , Mannitol , Lipid Peroxides/bloodABSTRACT
Os autores tecem comentarios a respeito da necessidade de uma sistematizacao no atendimento extra-hospitalar do politraumatizado e, em particular, do traumatizado de torax e do abdome. Enfantizam a necessidade de um melhor treinamento para todos aqueles que se propoem a esse tipo de atendimento, alem das melhorias das ambulancias no tocante a seus recursos terapeuticos disponiveis.Chamam tambem atencao quanto a importancia da comunicacao, em tadas as fases do atendimento, do medico com o setor de emergencia
