ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of using theory-based strategies on implementation intentions in promoting physical activity (PA) among adults. METHODS: This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations. The search was carried out in seven electronic databases (LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane, Web of Science) and two searches of the "grey literature" were performed (Openthesis and OpenGrey). Randomized clinical trials (RCT), published up to September 2016, were considered eligible for this study. Two reviewers independently and systematically evaluated the eligibility criteria, and performed data extraction. A meta-analysis was performed for the purpose of comparing the effect between the intervention and control groups. The effect sizes were grouped in two subgroups with the purpose of more accurately verifying the effect caused by reinforcing the implementation intentions strategy, and using the inverse variance statistical method with random effects models to estimate the main effect of the implementation intention strategy on the PA behavior. Heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated by using I-square statistics, and the Jadad scale to evaluate the quality of included papers. RESULTS: The search resulted in 12,147 records, of which 13 RCTs were considered eligible for this review. Sample age ranged from 18 to 76 years, and participants had conditions such as medullary lesion, coronary disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, sedentarism or occupational stress. When the summary of the effect was analyzed in the meta-analysis, the result found in the subgroup with reinforcement of the implementation intentions strategy was 0.25 (IC 95% = 0.05-0.45) in favor of the intervention group. This demonstrated that application of the implementation intentions strategy was capable of increasing PA practice in the participants of these studies, in comparison with others that did not use this reinforcement. CONCLUSION: The findings of this review indicated that application of the theory of implementation intentions promoted PA behavior among the adults who received reinforcement of this strategy. The systematic review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database under the number CRD42018090482.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Health Promotion/methods , Intention , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Adult , HumansABSTRACT
A fluoretação da água de abastecimento público é uma medida eficaz e de baixo custo para a prevenção da cárie dentária. Este artigo se baseia em um estudo que comparou a experiência de cárie entre dois municípios do Brasil, São Paulo e Manaus, na época, com e sem fluoretação de suas águas. O estudo utilizou dados do projeto SBBrasil 2010 que avaliou três índices para 2.176 indivíduos: ceo-d (dentição infantil com cárie, extraídos e obturados), CPO-D (quantidade de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados em adultos)e SiC (Significant Caries Index, uma variação do CPO-D). Os resultados mostraram que os índices foram maiores em Manaus quando comparados com os de São Paulo, para indivíduos com 5 e 12 anos de idade e pertencentes à faixa de 15 a 19 anos. O município de São Paulo apresentou melhor condição de saúde bucal em crianças e adolescentes, e não houve diferença entre os índices para adultos e idosos, demonstrando que parte da população com acesso a água fluoretada foi beneficiada pelo método.
The public water supply fluoridation is an effective measure and is cost-effective in preventing tooth decay.This article bases on a study that compared the caries experience between two municipalities in Brazil, São Paulo and Manaus, at the time, with and without fluoridation of its water. The study used the projeto SBBrasil 2010 (SBBrazil project 2010) data that evaluated three indices for 2.176 individuals: dmft (decay, missing, filled teeth for primary dentition), DMFT (number of decayed, missing and filled in adults) and SiC(Significant Caries Index, a variation of DMTF). The results showed that the rates were higher in Manaus when compared to São Paulo, for 5 and 12 years old children and for young people who are 15 to 19 yearsold. The city of São Paulo showed better bucal health status in children and adolescents, and it was not found difference in indices for adults and the elderly, demonstrating that part of the population with access to fluoridated water was benefited by the method.
La fluoración del agua potable pública es una medida de bajo costo y eficaz en la prevención de la caries. Este artículo es basado en estudio que comparó las experiencias de caries entre dos municipios de Brasil, Sao Paulo y Manaos, en la ocasión, con y sin la fluoración de su agua. El estudio utilizó los datos del projeto SBBrasil 2010 (proyecto SBBrasil2010) que evaluó tres índices para 2.176 individuos: ceo-d (dientes delos niños con caries, extraídos y obturados), CPO-D (número de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados en adultos) y SiC (Significant Caries Index, una variación de CPO-D). Los resultados mostraron que las tasas eran más altas en Manaos, en comparación con Sao Paulo, para individuos de 5 y 12 años de edad y para jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años. La ciudad de Sao Paulo mostró un mejor estado de salud bucal en niños y adolescentes, y no evidenció diferencias entre los adultos y los ancianos, lo que demuestra que parte de la población con acceso a agua fluorada se vio beneficiada por el método.
