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1.
Front Med (Lausanne) ; 11: 1384414, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38813377

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cognitive and motor impairments are common among stroke survivors. Physical therapy is often used to improve the functional capacity of stroke survivors. However, limited adherence to rehabilitation programs is a challenge. Motivation plays a crucial role in the success of rehabilitation programs as it influences individual adherence to treatment and overall health outcomes. This review aims to identify current trends in motivational strategies used by healthcare professionals for stroke survivor rehabilitation. Methods: Following the framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley, a scoping review was conducted. We performed a literature search using MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Nursing & Allied Health, and MedicLatina databases. Results: A total of 906 papers were identified. After selecting and analyzing the articles, 17 papers were included in this review. Health professionals use various strategies to motivate stroke survivors. These approaches include establishing a therapeutic alliance, improving patients' health literacy, defining realistic goals, fostering problem-solving skills, personalizing the rehabilitation program, showcasing success stories, utilizing persuasive techniques, offering encouragement and compliments, providing emotional support, and effectively managing symptoms. Conclusion: The knowledge gathered in this review can guide healthcare professionals in helping patients overcome barriers to rehabilitation, improve their motivation, and ultimately enhance their recovery outcomes.

2.
Minerva Anestesiol ; 86(4): 404-415, 2020 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31808662

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) negatively affect morbidity, healthcare costs and postsurgical survival. Preoperative and intraoperative peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) levels are independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). The air-test assesses the value of SpO2 while breathing room-air. We aimed at building a clinical score that includes the air-test for predicting the risk for PPCs. METHODS: This is a development and validation study in patients -randomly divided into two cohorts- from a large randomized clinical trial (iPROVE) that enrolled 964 intermediate-to-high risk patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. Arterial oxygenation was assessed on room-air in the preoperative period (preoperative air-test) and 3h after admission to the postoperative care unit (postoperative air-test). The air-test was defined as positive or negative if SpO2 was ≤96% or >96%, respectively. Positive air-tests were stratified into weak (93-96%) or strong (<93%). The primary outcome was a composite of moderate-to-severe PPCs during the first seven postoperative days. RESULTS: A total of 902 patients were included in the final analysis (542 in the development cohort and 360 in the validation cohort). Regression analysis identified five independent risk factors for PPC: age, type of surgery, pre- and postoperative air-test, and atelectasis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75-0.82) when including these five independent predictors. We built a simplified score termed "air-test score" by using only the pre- and postoperative SpO2, resulting in an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.67-0.76) for the derivation and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66-0.78) for the validation cohort, respectively. The air-test score stratified patients into four levels of risk, with PPCs ranging from <15% to >75%. CONCLUSIONS: The simple, non-invasive and inexpensive bedside air-test score, evaluating pre- and postoperatively SpO2 measured on room-air, helps to predict the risk for PPCs.


Subject(s)
Postoperative Complications , Pulmonary Atelectasis , Respiratory Function Tests , Cohort Studies , Humans , Lung , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Pulmonary Atelectasis/epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors
3.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574513

ABSTRACT

A perda da razão social do trabalho tem como ressonância a perda do sentido do trabalho para aqueles que o realizam. O objetivo principal deste ensaio é analisar de que forma a saúde mental é prejudicada pelas atuais contradições entre modernização e expansão da precarização social e do trabalho. Na primeira parte, procura-se entender a questão através de uma visão sócio-histórica, expondo-se a seguir indicadores internacionais e brasileiros que demonstram essa precarização. Na sequência, as autoras apresentam uma análise crítica do modo pelo qual, a partir da busca de maximização da competitividade, surgiu um modelo social que, em nome de uma excelência cujo significado conjuga perfeição e superioridade, propicia discriminação ou exclusão para todos os quede alguma forma desvelam seus limites humanos. Os paradigmas deste modelo, atualmente dominante, são examinados para identificar os impactos psíquicos, destacando os adoecimentos relacionados à violência laboral. As autoras assinalam ainda o aumento de vulnerabilidade psíquica nos contextos de pobreza.A seguir, é apresentada uma reflexão sobre o despertencimento social e o desenraizamento humano e, na parte final, são discutidas perspectivas de reverter a degradação social, do trabalho e da natureza.


Loosing the social purpose of work leads individuals to perform senselesswork. This paper aims at analyzing the effect of current contradictions between modernization and expansion of labor and social precariousness on mental health. It begins by investigating this issue through a social and historical viewpoint, followed by showing international and Brazilian indicators that illustrate the above mentioned precariousness. Further on, the authors analyze critically the social model generated by targeting maximum competitiveness, which on behalf of an excellence that conjugates perfection and superiority fosters discrimination or exclusion of all those who in anyway unveil their human limits. The authors examine the current dominating paradigms of this model to identify its psychological impacts, highlighting illnesses related to occupational violence. They further stress the increase of psychic vulnerability in contexts of poverty and discuss social non-belonging and human ungrounding processes. They conclude by commenting on possibilities of reverting labor, nature, and social degradation.


Subject(s)
Mental Disorders , Mental Health , Occupational Groups , Working Conditions
4.
Rev. bras. saúde ocup ; 35(121)jan.-jun. 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-551585

ABSTRACT

Este ensaio traz elementos da medicina ocidental, da medicina tradicional chinesa e da sociologia do trabalho para reflexão sobre o Qi Gong exercícios terapêuticos, um dos pilares da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa (MTC) como importante meio de prevenção da LER/DORT e recuperação da saúde. Considerando a natureza interdisciplinar e diversos níveis de prevenção,aborda aspectos sociológicos sobre as condições de trabalho frequentemente relacionadas com este tipo de adoecimento e categorias de trabalhadores mais acometidos. Focaliza aspectos médicos sobre a LER/DORT e as Síndromes de Bloqueio na MTC, estabelecendo canais de articulação e contribuição entre esses campos de conhecimento sobre a saúde humana. Ressalta o Qi Gong como importante prática terapêutica e preventiva na MTC e sua adequação à LER/DORT. No âmbito do Qi Gong, focaliza o Lian Gong Shi Ba Fa Lian Gong em 18 Terapias, já amplamente experimentado na China e divulgado, inclusive no Brasil, para tratar e prevenir síndromes de dor em região cervical, ombros, membros superiores, membros inferiores e região lombar. À guisa de conclusão, são apresentadas algumas reflexões sobre a propriedade e a importância do Qi Gong na reabilitação e na prevenção da LER/DORT.


This paper evaluates Qi Gong therapeutic exercises, one of the pillars ofthe Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as an important tool of preventing Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) and healing, using allopathic medicine,TCM, and sociology of work elements. Considering its interdisciplinary nature and various levels of CTD prevention, this study examines the sociological aspects of work conditions that are usually associated with CTD and with groups that most frequently report symptoms. It focuses on CTD medical aspects and on TCM Blocking Syndromes, opening channels of communication and contribution between these s of knowledge. It emphasizes that Qi Gong is an important therapeutic and preventive practice within TCM, and that is suitable for treating CTD. Within Qi Gong, it emphasizes Lian Gong Shi Ba Fa Lian Gong in 18 therapies, which has been broadly experienced in China, and also publicized in Brazil, for treatment and prevention of pain syndromes in the upper and lowerlimbs, as well as in the cervical and lumbar regions. It finalizes by presenting considerations on the suitability and importance of Qi Gong for rehabilitation and prevention of CTD.


Subject(s)
Occupational Health , Cumulative Trauma Disorders/prevention & control
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 8(4): 875-885, 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-355409

ABSTRACT

O artigo faz uma análise da Alca no contexto de globalizaçäo e de hegemonia neoliberal. Aborda suas possíveis implicaçöes à luz do Nafta, em curso desde 1994, cujos resultados evidenciam um processo de precarizaçäo do trabalho, das condiçöes ambientais e de saúde dos trabalhadores. A flexibilizaçäo e a desregulamentaçäo dos direitos, das legislaçöes de proteçäo ao emprego, à saúde e ao meio ambiente säo estratégias cada vez mais utilizadas pelos grandes grupos capitalistas na defesa da livre mobilidade dos capitais. A Alca representa uma síntese do processo de globalizaçäo. No caso brasileiro, as dimensöes do trabalho e (des)emprego, da saúde e do ambiente têm sido fortemente degradadas nos últimos 10 anos, como resultado da desregulamentaçäo e da flexibilizaçäo. A possibilidade da Alca representa näo só a continuidade desse processo, mas o seu aprofundamento num patamar que levará a uma regressäo social sem precedentes. No entanto, conclui-se que as respostas dos movimentos antiglobalizaçäo, os fóruns setoriais e internacionais, as conferências, as redes de contrapoderes, hoje nos mais diferentes países e regiöes do mundo, indicam ser possível uma outra América, um outro mundo

6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 3(2): 61-72, 1998.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-228179

ABSTRACT

Aborda a questäo dos riscos industriais e de seus impactos sobre a saúde e o meio ambiente, buscando fazer uma restrospectiva histórica acerca da formaçäo dos atuais padröes de trabalho, produçäo e consumo nas sociedades ocidentais contemporâneas. Salienta desafios e dilemas emergentes nas últimas décadas com os avanços da globalizaçäo da economia, da reestruturaçäo produtiva e das formas de gestäo do trabalho viabilizadas pela adoçäo de políticas neoliberais. Focaliza a historicidade da relaçäo entre riscos industriais e meio ambiente e apresenta resultados de pesquisa que dizem respeito à mobilidade dos riscos e acidentes industriais no espaço socioeconômico-ambiental da Regiäo Metropolitana de Salvador, resgatando aspectos concernentes às formas de gestäo industrial e de organizaçäo do trabalho, com destaque para a terceirizaçäo.


Subject(s)
Environmental Hazards , Occupational Health , Environment and Public Health
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