ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de actividad física, composición corporal, fuerza prensil, consumo de alimentos, y sus posibles asociaciones, en trabajadores de una institución de educación superior. Metodología: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 141 empleados administrativos y docentes (56 % mujeres y 44 % hombres), seleccionados mediante muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Se incluyó un modelo lineal generalizado, con regresión de Poisson para la asociación de las variables con la fuerza prensil de mano dominante. Resultados: El 51,6 % de los hombres y el 46,8 % de las mujeres presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad, según el índice de masa corporal; el 39,7 % de la población se encontró clasificada con riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular por índice cintura / estatura; el 68,8 % cumplió con el requerimiento de actividad física; el 45,7 % clasificó con bajo nivel de fuerza prensil. De acuerdo con el modelo lineal generalizado, se encontró asociación significativa entre el bajo nivel de fuerza prensil con tener mayor masa adiposa y ser hombre. En consumo de alimentos, se observaron patrones inadecuados, con elevado consumo de ácidos grasos saturados, colesterol, azúcares añadidos y baja ingesta de fibra. Conclusión: Se identificaron factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles, como alto comportamiento sedentario, exceso de masa corporal y bajo nivel de fuerza prensil; esta última se asoció de forma inversa con el porcentaje de masa adiposa. Se proponen planes de intervención para promover cambios en la conducta sedentaria, la actividad física y el consumo de alimentos.
Abstract Objective: To establish the levels of physical activity, body composition, handgrip strength, food consumption and possible associations, of the workers of a higher education institution. Methodology: Cross-sectional study in which 141 administrative employees and professors (56% women and 44% men) participated, selected by Stratified random sampling. A generalized linear model with Poisson regression was included for the association of the variables with the dominant hand grip strength. Results: 51.6% of the men and 46.8% of the women were overweight or obese, according to the body mass index; 39.7% were classified with risk of cardiovascular disease by waist-to-height ratio; 68.8% met the requirement of physical activity; 45.7% classified as having a low level of handgrip strength; According to the generalized linear model, a significant association was found between the low level of handgrip strength with having a greater fat mass and being a man. In food consumption, inappropriate patterns were observed with high consumption of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, added sugars and low fiber intake. Conclusion: Risk factors for the development of non-communicable diseases such as high sedentary behavior, excess body mass and low level of grip strength were identified; the latter was inversely associated with the percentage of adipose mass. Intervention plans are proposed to promote changes in sedentary behavior, physical activity, and food consumption.
Resumo Objetivo: Estabelecer dos níveis de atividade física, composição corporal, força de preensão, consumo alimentar e possíveis associações de trabalhadores de uma instituição de ensino superior. Metodologia: Estudo transversal no qual participaram 141 funcionários administrativos e professores (56% mulheres e 44 % homens), selecionados por amostragem probabilística estratificada. Foi incluído um modelo linear generalizado com regressão de Poisson para a associação das variáveis com a força de preensão manual dominante. Resultados: 51,6% dos homens e 46,8% das mulheres apresentavam sobrepeso ou obesidade, de acordo com o índice de massa corporal; 39,7% da população foi classificada com risco de doença cardiovascular pelo indicador cintura / altura; 68,8% atendiam à exigência de atividade física; 45,7% classificados com baixo nível de força de preensão; De acordo com o modelo linear generalizado, foi encontrada associação significativa entre o baixo nível de força de preensão com maior massa gorda e ser homem. No consumo alimentar, foram observados padrões inadequados com alto consumo de ácidos graxos saturados, colesterol, açúcares adicionados e baixo consumo de fibras. Conclusão: Foram identificados fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças não transmissíveis como alto comportamento sedentário, excesso de massa corporal e baixo nível de força de preensão; este último foi inversamente associado ao percentual de massa adiposa. Planos de intervenção são propostos para promover mudanças no comportamento sedentário, atividade física e consumo alimentar.
ABSTRACT
The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a constellation of related factors that increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Vaccinium meridionale Swartz contains polyphenols that could modulate some components of MS. Epidemiological and intervention studies have shown differences between men and women in MS components and antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study is to compare between men and women with MS the effects of agraz consumption on insulin resistance, antioxidant capacity, and markers of oxidation and inflammation. Men and women diagnosed with MS according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were recruited in a double-blind, crossover study of 12 weeks. Participants were assigned to consume agraz nectar or placebo over 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of washout, they were switched to the alternative treatment. At the end of each period, the components of the MS, insulin resistance, antioxidant capacity, and some oxidative (oxidized low-density lipoprotein [oxLDL]; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and inflammatory (high-sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) markers were evaluated. After consuming agraz, there was a tendency to increase the levels of antioxidants and to reduce the levels of hs-CRP in both genders. In addition, women who increased their serum phenols after consuming agraz had a significant reduction in insulin resistance, which was different from the results in men. Regarding men, those who increased their serum antioxidant capacity after consuming agraz had a better effect on the reduction of oxLDL levels that was significant compared to women. There are important differences between genders in the effects of agraz consumption in adults with MS.
