ABSTRACT
A synthetic energy source, 1,3-butanediol-1,3-dioctanoate (BDDO), and corn oil were fed at the 10% level in diets for chicks recovering from Newcastle disease virus at two levels of severity. There were little differences in plasma lipid concentrations between corn oil and BDDO groups. Liver lipid analyses showed significantly higher (P less than or equal to .01) triglyceride concentration for the BDDO group as compared with corn oil. In both trials, total liver lipid content was higher in all components for the BDDO group. Triglycerides and total lipids were notably lower (P less than or equal to .01) in skin of the BDDO group as compared with corn oil. Liver and skin lipid variations were attributed to different metabolic routes for BDDO and corn oil. The data suggest that BDDO tends to allow liver synthesis of triglycerides while suppressing lipid storage in the skin.
Subject(s)
Butylene Glycols/pharmacology , Caprylates/pharmacology , Chickens/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Oils/pharmacology , Animals , Lipids/blood , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolismABSTRACT
1,3-Butanediol-1,3-dioctanoate (BDDO), a synthetic source of energy, has been shown to be equal to corn oil when fed to chicks recovering from moderate and severe Newcastle disease virus infections. Body weight increments of chicks fed diets containing 10% BDDO were equal to or greater than those of chicks fed 10% corn oil, both with restricted feeding regimens. Kilocalories of metabolizable energy required to produce 100 g of body weight increment over a basal group was used as a means of quantitating energy demand. BDDO was comparable to corn oil as an energy source with no adverse effects. Liver/body weight ratios were greater in the BDDO-fed chicks. Circadian rhythmicity of liver size and liver glycogen content was demonstrated. Chicks fed BDDO had total liver glycogen content threefold that of the corn oil controls, which was attributed to stimulation of insulin secretion. Catch-up growth in the chick following the growth depression of disease appears to be as well facilitated by a synthetic source as by a natural one.
Subject(s)
Butylene Glycols/metabolism , Caprylates/metabolism , Chickens/growth & development , Energy Metabolism , Newcastle Disease/metabolism , Animals , Body Weight , Diet , Liver/metabolism , Oils/metabolism , Organ Size , Zea maysABSTRACT
The in vitro removal of six barbiturates from pH 2 donor solutions by liquid membranes with pH control was evaluated. More than 90% of amorbarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital were removed within 10 min by the liquid membranes. Drug transport obeyed first-order kinetics initially, and Fick's law was obeyed. The transport rate of phenobarbital by a liquid membrane was temperature dependent. An Arrhenius plot revealed that the activation energy was 10 kcal/mole. The liquid membranes showed some instability in the presence of bile salts.
Subject(s)
Barbiturates/poisoning , Emulsions , Membranes, Artificial , Barbiturates/metabolism , Bile Acids and Salts , Solubility , Temperature , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Edible Grain , Fungicides, Industrial , Glycols , Animal Feed , Animals , Butylene Glycols , Caprylates , Food Preservation/standards , Glycols/toxicity , Hexanols , Pentanols , Propionates , Structure-Activity RelationshipSubject(s)
Membranes, Artificial , Uremia/therapy , Ammonia , Animals , Chronic Disease , Dogs , Gastrointestinal Motility , Hydrolysis , Rats , Urea/metabolism , UreaseABSTRACT
The production of trans-cinnamic acid from various alkylbenzenes by soil microorganisms was studied intensively by use of a co-oxidation technique. The microorganisms were grown on n-paraffins, and they did not use aromatic compounds as a carbon source when the preferred substrate was present in the medium. The effects of cell population, co-oxidation time, and type and mode of addition of the alkylbenzenes on the yield of trans-cinnamic acid were investigated. Yields (5 g/liter) of a product consisting of trans-cinnamic acid (88 to 100%) and 5-phenylvaleric acid (0 to 12%) were obtained when the proper conditions were chosen. Of a variety of microorganisms studied, a soil isolate closely related to Cellulomonas galba was found to be best for the production of trans-cinnamic acid.
