ABSTRACT
Three ionophores were used to investigate a potential role of the plasma-membrane (PM) potential in the regulation of systemic wound-response gene expression in tomato (Lycopersicon escuilentum Mill.) plants. Valinomycin, nigericin, and gramicidin, which affect the PM potential by dissipating H+ and K+ gradients, respectively, induced the rapid accumulation of wound-response gene transcripts. Transcript induction by gramicidin was kinetically, qualitatively and quantitatively similar to systemin-induced transcript accumulation. On a molar basis, gramicidin and nigericin, which affect gradients of both H+ and K+, were more effective than the K+-selective valinomycin. Hyperpolarization of the PM by fusicoccin, on the other hand, repressed wound-response gene expression and, at the same time, induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins. We show here that the inhibition of the wound response after fusicoccin treatment is not mediated by elevated concentrations of SA but is likely a direct effect of PM hyperpolarization. The data indicate a role for the PM potential in the differential regulation of wound and pathogen defense responses.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects , Ionophores/pharmacology , Plant Proteins/biosynthesis , Solanum lycopersicum/physiology , Cell Membrane/drug effects , Cell Membrane/physiology , Glycosides/pharmacology , Gramicidin/pharmacology , Indans , Leucyl Aminopeptidase/biosynthesis , Leucyl Aminopeptidase/genetics , Solanum lycopersicum/drug effects , Solanum lycopersicum/genetics , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Nigericin/pharmacology , Organophosphonates/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Plant Leaves/genetics , Plant Leaves/physiology , Plant Proteins/genetics , Protease Inhibitors/metabolism , RNA/analysis , Salicylic Acid/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Threonine Dehydratase/biosynthesis , Threonine Dehydratase/genetics , Transcription, Genetic/drug effects , Valinomycin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The rooming-in was implemented at a maternity at the municipality of São Carlos in 1997. This study analyzes the acceptance of the system by mothers and how nursing participates in this work. Results showed that mothers are satisfied. However, the nursing team does not agree with this evaluation, confirming the need of increasing the number of workers as well as qualifying them.
