ABSTRACT
The identification of three somatostatin (SST) genes (SSTa, SSTb, and SSTc) in lampreys (Tostivint et al. Gen Comp Endocrinol 237:89-97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.08.006 , 2016) prompted us to study their expression in the brain and spinal cord of the sea lamprey by in situ hybridization. These three genes were only expressed in equivalent neuronal populations in the hypothalamus. In other regions, SST transcripts showed clear differential expression. In the telencephalon, SSTc-positive cells were observed in the medial pallium, ventral part of the lateral pallium, striatum, subhippocampal lobe, and preoptic region. In the diencephalon, SSTa-positive cells were observed in the thalamus and SSTc-positive cells in the prethalamus, posterior tubercle, pretectal area, and nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle. In the midbrain, SSTc-positive cells were observed in the torus semicircularis, lateral reticular area, and perioculomotor tegmentum. Different SSTa- and SSTc-positive populations were observed in the isthmus. SSTc neurons were also observed in the rostral octavolateralis area and caudal rhombencephalon. In the spinal cord, SSTa was expressed in cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting (CSF-c) neurons and SSTc in non-CSF-c interneurons. Comparison with previous immunohistochemical studies using anti-SST-14 antibodies strongly suggests that SST-14-like neurons correspond with the SSTa populations. Thus, the SSTc populations were not reported previously in immunohistochemical studies. Cluster-based analyses and alignments of mature peptides suggested that SSTa is an ortholog of SST1 and that SSTb is closely related to SST2 and SST6. These results provide important new insights into the evolution of the somatostatinergic system in vertebrates.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System , Petromyzon , Animals , Petromyzon/genetics , SomatostatinABSTRACT
El escenario actual de desarrollo del sedentarismo en niños y adolescentes presenta gran relevancia para la salud pública, indicando que esta población está desarrollando hábitos de vida poco saludables tempranamente, llevando a cabo índices de enfermedades cada vez más altos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la asociación entre las características definitorias del diagnóstico de enfermería estilo de vida sedentario y los datos sociodemográficos del estudiante. Estudio transversal con 374 estudiantes en una ciudad en el noreste de Brasil. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre los meses de agosto de 2013 hasta mayo de 2014. Para el análisis de datos se realizaron pruebas de Chi-cuadrada (χ2), Fisher y U de Mann-Whitney. El nivel de significancia fue del 5% (p < 0.05). En cuanto a las características definitorias del diagnóstico de enfermería estilo de vida sedentario, fueron identificadas: verbaliza preferencia por actividades con poco ejercicio físico (98.9%); demuestra una falta de aptitud física (79.1%); y elige una rutina diaria sin ejercicio (48.9%) en las estudiantes. Las características elige una rutina diaria sin ejercicio y demuestra una falta de aptitud física se asociaron estadísticamente con los datos demográficos de sexo y edad. Llegamos a la conclusión de que las características que definen el diagnóstico de enfermería estilo de vida sedentario pueden sufrir la influencia de datos sociodemográficos sobre la población escolar. Por lo tanto, es posible la dirección de acciones de enfermería para promover un estilo de vida más activo, teniendo en cuenta la realidad sociodemográfica de la escuela.
The current stage of development of physical inactivity in children and adolescents is of great relevance to public health, indicating that this population is developing unhealthy lifestyle habits early, holding rates ever higher diseases. This study aimed to analyze the association between the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis sedentary lifestyle and sociodemographic student data. Cross-sectional study with 374 students in a city in northeastern Brazil. Data collection was carried out between August 2013 to May 2014. For data analysis Chi-square (χ2), Fisher and Mann-Whitney U were made. The significance level was 5% (p <0.05). As for the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis sedentary lifestyle, they were identified: verbalize preference for activities with little physical exercise (98.9%); shows a lack of physical fitness (79.1%); and choose a daily routine without exercise (48.9%) in students. The characteristics chooses a daily routine without exercise and demonstrates a lack of physical fitness were associated statistically with the demographics of gender and age. We conclude that the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis sedentary lifestyle can be influenced by socio-demographic data on the school population. Therefore, it is possible to address nursing actions to promote a more active life style, taking into account the socio-demographic reality of the school
