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1.
Arq Bras Oftalmol ; 83(4): 269-276, 2020 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32756796

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of ocular axial length on circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in healthy eyes after correcting for ocular magnification effect. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 120 eyes from 60 volunteer participants (myopes, emmetropes, and hyperopes). The thickness of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer were measured using the spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT)-Cirrus HD-OCT and correlated with ocular axial length. Adjustment for ocular magnification was performed by applying Littmann's formula. RESULTS: Before the adjustment for ocular magnification, age-adjusted mixed models analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between axial length and average circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.43, p<0.001), inferior circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.46, p<0.001), superior circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.31, p<0.05), nasal circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.35, p<0.001), and average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (r=-0.35, p<0.05). However, after correcting for magnification effect, the results were considerably different, revealing only a positive correlation between axial length and temporal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=0.42, p<0.001). Additionally, we demonstrated a positive correlation between axial length and average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (r=0.48, p<0.001). All other correlations were not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Before adjustment for ocular magnification, axial length was negatively correlated with circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measured by Cirrus-OCT. We attributed this effect to ocular magnification associated with greater axial lengths, which was corrected with the Littman's formula. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of ocular magnification correction on the diagnostic accuracy of Cirrus-OCT.


Subject(s)
Tomography, Optical Coherence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glaucoma , Humans , Nerve Fibers , Retinal Ganglion Cells
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 83(4): 269-276, July-Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131618

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the influence of ocular axial length on circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness in healthy eyes after correcting for ocular magnification effect. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 120 eyes from 60 volunteer participants (myopes, emmetropes, and hyperopes). The thickness of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer were measured using the spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT)-Cirrus HD-OCT and correlated with ocular axial length. Adjustment for ocular magnification was performed by applying Littmann's formula. Results: Before the adjustment for ocular magnification, age-adjusted mixed models analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between axial length and average circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.43, p<0.001), inferior circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.46, p<0.001), superior circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.31, p<0.05), nasal circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=-0.35, p<0.001), and average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (r=-0.35, p<0.05). However, after correcting for magnification effect, the results were considerably different, revealing only a positive correlation between axial length and temporal retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r=0.42, p<0.001). Additionally, we demonstrated a positive correlation between axial length and average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (r=0.48, p<0.001). All other correlations were not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Before adjustment for ocular magnification, axial length was negatively correlated with circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measured by Cirrus-OCT. We attributed this effect to ocular magnification associated with greater axial lengths, which was corrected with the Littman's formula. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of ocular magnification correction on the diagnostic accuracy of Cirrus-OCT.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do comprimento axial ocular na espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar e na espessura da camada de células ganglionares-plexiforme interna em olhos saudáveis após correção para efeito de magnificação ocular. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, avaliamos 120 olhos de 60 participantes voluntários (míopes, emétropes e hipermétropes). A espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar e da camada de células ganglionares-plexiforme interna foram medidas usando a tomografia de coerência óptica espectral (OCT)-Cirrus HD-OCT e correlacionada com o comprimento axial ocular. O ajuste para a magnificação ocular foi realizado aplicando a fórmula de Littmann. Resultados: Antes do ajuste para magnificação ocular, a análise de modelos mistos ajustada por idade demonstrou uma correlação negativa significante entre o comprimento axial e a espessura média da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar (r=-0,43; p<0,001), espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar inferior (r=-0,46; p <0,001), espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar superior (r=-0,31; p<0,05), espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar nasal (r=-0,35; p<0,001) e espessura média das células ganglionares-plexiforme interna (r=-0,35; p<0,05). No entanto, após a correção do efeito de magnificação, os resultados foram consideravelmente diferentes, revelando apenas uma correlação positiva entre o comprimento axial e a espessura temporal da camada de fibras nervosas da retina(r=0,42; p<0,001). Além disso, demonstramos uma correlação positiva entre o comprimento axial e a espessura média das células ganglionares-plexiforme interna (r=0,48; p<0,001). Todas as outras correlações não foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: Antes do ajuste para o efeito de magnificação ocular, o comprimento axial estava negativamente correlacionado com a espessura da camada de fibras nervosas da retina peripapilar e das células ganglionares-plexiforme interna medido pelo Cirrus-OCT. Atribuimos esse efeito à magnificação ocular associada a comprimentos axiais maiores, o que foi corrigido com a fórmula de Littman. Mais estudos são necessários para investigaro impactoda correçãoda magnificação ocular na acurácia diagnóstica do Cirrus-OCT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Retinal Ganglion Cells , Glaucoma , Cross-Sectional Studies , Nerve Fibers
3.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29881640

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Advances in neonatal care promoted increased survival rates of preterm infants, with a consequent increase in the number of children affected by retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study estimates the incidence of ROP and evaluates potential risk factors associated. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of preterm infants born in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit was conducted from March 2005 to August 2015. Six hundred and thirty-nine newborns were included based on the following criteria: infants born with less than 32 weeks' gestation or birth weight below 1500 g; or neonates born with 32-37 weeks' gestation or birth weight above 1500 g and any of the following associated: multiple gestation, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, blood transfusions or intraventricular hemorrhage. Neonates were followed up until disease resolution or until treatment criteria was achieved. RESULTS: A total of 602 newborns were evaluated after applying the exclusion criteria. Mean gestational age was 30.7 ± 2.5 weeks. The incidences of ROP at any stage and of type 1 prethreshold ROP were 33.9 and 5.0% respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors associated with ROP at any stage were extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (odds ratio [OR] = 3.10; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]:1.73-5.55), pulmonary diseases (OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.35-4.59), intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.10-4.30), and low gestational age (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73-0.91). The main risk factors associated with type 1 prethreshold ROP were pulmonary diseases (OR = 9.58; 95% CI: 1.27-72.04) and ELBW (OR = 3.66; 95% CI: 1.67-8.00). CONCLUSION: This study found a significant incidence of ROP (33.9%) in the studied population, and highlighted pulmonary diseases as a significant risk factor for type 1 prethreshold ROP.

4.
An Bras Dermatol ; 89(1): 26-36, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24626645

ABSTRACT

Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare genodermatosis in which the skin involvement occurs in all patients. Additionally, other ectodermal tissues may be affected, such as the central nervous system, eyes, hair, nails and teeth. The disease has a X-linked dominant inheritance pattern and is usually lethal to male fetuses. The dermatological findings occur in four successive phases, following the lines of Blaschko: First phase - vesicles on an erythematous base; second phase - verrucous hyperkeratotic lesions; third phase - hyperchromic spots and fourth phase - hypochromic atrophic lesions.


Subject(s)
Incontinentia Pigmenti/pathology , Skin/pathology , Alopecia/etiology , Alopecia/pathology , Cataract/etiology , Cataract/pathology , Central Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Humans , Incontinentia Pigmenti/complications , Male , Mutation , Tooth Abnormalities/etiology , Tooth Abnormalities/pathology
5.
An. bras. dermatol ; 89(1): 26-36, Jan-Feb/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703556

ABSTRACT

Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare genodermatosis in which the skin involvement occurs in all patients. Additionally, other ectodermal tissues may be affected, such as the central nervous system, eyes, hair, nails and teeth. The disease has a X-linked dominant inheritance pattern and is usually lethal to male fetuses. The dermatological findings occur in four successive phases, following the lines of Blaschko: First phase - vesicles on an erythematous base; second phase - verrucous hyperkeratotic lesions; third phase - hyperchromic spots and fourth phase - hypochromic atrophic lesions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Skin/pathology , Incontinentia Pigmenti/pathology , Tooth Abnormalities/etiology , Tooth Abnormalities/pathology , Cataract/etiology , Cataract/pathology , Incontinentia Pigmenti/complications , Central Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Alopecia/etiology , Alopecia/pathology , Mutation
6.
Rev. AMRIGS ; 52(3): 204-208, jul.-set. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-859109

ABSTRACT

A degeneração macular relacionada à idade (DMRI) representa a principal causa de cegueira legal em pacientes idosos no mundo ocidental. O presente artigo revisa os principais avanços no diagnóstico e tratamento da DMRI, servindo de auxílio para a atualização da comunidade médica quanto a esta doença (AU)


Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal blindness in the elderly in the Western world. In this regard, to promote the medical education about this disease, we present a review of AMD diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Macular Degeneration/diagnosis , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Vision Disorders/drug therapy
7.
Arq Bras Oftalmol ; 69(2): 255-9, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16699680

ABSTRACT

Interferon is an immunomodulating cytokine used to treat patients with different diseases, such as hepatitis C chronic infection. Pegylated interferon is a new type of interferon, developed to increase the half-life of the drug. Many side effects have been related to its use, including ocular toxicity and retinopathy. The most reported ocular findings are cotton-wool spots and hemorrhages located at the posterior pole and surrounding optic nerve head. We describe one case of pegylated interferon-associated retinopathy with visual loss. The patient had visual acuity improvement four weeks after discontinuation of the medication and the ocular findings became much more subtle.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Ribavirin/adverse effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Visual Acuity/drug effects
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 69(2): 255-259, mar.-abr. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-426726

ABSTRACT

O interferon é uma citocina imunomoduladora utilizada no tratamento de diversas doenças, incluindo infecções crônicas pelo vírus da hepatite C. O interferon peguilado é uma nova forma de interferon, desenvolvida para aumentar o tempo de meia-vida da droga. Uma série de efeitos adversos têm sido associados ao uso do interferon, dentre eles a toxicidade ocular com desenvolvimento de retinopatia. As lesões oculares típicas incluem exsudatos algodonosos e hemorragias retinianas no pólo posterior, particularmente em torno do disco óptico. Descrevemos o caso de paciente tratado com associação de interferon peguilado e ribavirina com diminuição da acuidade visual e quadro oftalmológico compatível com retinopatia associada ao interferon. Quatro semanas após a suspensão do interferon, houve melhora da acuidade visual e diminuição importante das alterações retinianas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Hepatitis C/drug therapy , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Retinal Diseases/chemically induced , Ribavirin/adverse effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Visual Acuity/drug effects
9.
Arq Bras Oftalmol ; 68(2): 189-93, 2005.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15905939

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate, in a prospective fashion, the prevalence of intraocular metastasis: most frequent primary tumors and ocular tissue most frequently compromised by metastasis. METHODS: In-patients with malignant neoplasm and metastatic disease from a tertiary Oncology Hospital (HSR) were consecutively evaluated between January 2001 and July 2002. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, including indirect ophthalmoscopy under pharmacological mydriasis using a 28 diopter-lens and, in cases suspicious of neoplasia, ultrasonography and fluorescein angiography were performed. Those cases of diagnostic uncertainty were submitted to fine needle aspiration biopsy. The diagnosis of metastatic ocular tumor was established based on the clinical features and the results of the mentioned ancillary studies. RESULTS: The 100 studied patients presented ages between 17 and 87 years, 71 being females and 29 males. There was a predominance of Caucasian individuals (n=88) in this group. Twenty-one patients presented ocular lesions suggestive of metastasis. The primary malignancy originating ocular metastasis most frequently was breast cancer (28.6%). Evaluating the tumor type separately, lung cancer presented a highest prevalence of metastasis to the eye (71.5%). The choroid was involved in 57% of the cases and the main ocular complaint of these patients was blurring or decrease in vision. There was no difference in the frequency of involvement between the right and the left eye. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ocular metastasis in patients with malignancy and metastatic disease seemed significant in the studied group. The neoplasms more frequently causing ocular metastasis were: breast and lung carcinoma, and the choroid was involved more frequently.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma/secondary , Eye Neoplasms/secondary , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Carcinoma/epidemiology , Eye Neoplasms/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Visual Acuity
10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 68(2): 189-193, mar.-abr. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-402513

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar de forma prospectiva a prevalência de metástases oculares, tumor primário mais freqüente e tecido ocular comprometido com mais freqüência pela metástase. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados consecutivamente pacientes internados em Hospital de referência em Oncologia (HSR) durante o período de janeiro 2001 a julho de 2002, portadores de neoplasia maligna e metástases sistêmicas. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame oftalmológico completo incluindo oftalmoscopia binocular indireta sob midríase farmacológica usando lente de 28 dioptrias e, em casos suspeitos de neoplasia, realizados ultra-som e angiografia fluorescente. Nos casos de dúvida diagnóstica, os pacientes foram submetidos à biópsia aspirativa com agulha fina. O diagnóstico de tumor ocular metastático foi estabelecido com base nas características clínicas e no resultado dos exames complementares citados. RESULTADOS: Os 100 pacientes estudados apresentaram idades entre 17 a 87 anos, sendo 71 do sexo feminino e 29 do masculino. Houve predomínio de indivíduos brancos (n=88) nesse grupo. Vinte e um pacientes apresentaram lesões oculares sugestivas de metástase. O tumor primário que originou metástase ocular mais freqüentemente foi o câncer de mama (28,6 por cento). Avaliando o tipo tumoral separadamente, o carcinoma de pulmão apresentou maior prevalência de metástase para o olho nesta amostra (71,5 por cento). A coróide foi comprometida em 57 por cento dos casos e a queixa ocular principal desses pacientes foi embaçamento ou diminuição da visão. Não houve diferença na freqüência de acometimento entre olho direito e esquerdo. CONCLUSAO: A prevalência de metástases oculares em pacientes com neoplasia maligna e doença metastática na amostra estudada pareceu significativa. As neoplasias que provocaram metástase ocular com maior freqüência foram: carcinoma de mama e pulmão, sendo que a coróide foi comprometida com maior freqüência.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma/secondary , Eye Neoplasms/secondary , Brazil/epidemiology , Carcinoma/epidemiology , Eye Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Visual Acuity
11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 66(6): 739-743, nov.-dez. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-360335

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To determine the relationship between the severity or stage of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in a southern Brazilian population. Methods: Transversal study of diabetic patients withoutl previous ophthalmologic treatment, seen at a University eye clinic. These patients underwent fundus photography, complete blood work-up, systemic blood pressure measurement, urine analysis, and were questioned about risk factors previously determined by the authors. The presence or absence of risk factors was compared to the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Results: Eighty-one patients were selected, 28 male, 53 female, 55 Caucasians, 26 African descendants, 28 had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 53 had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Factors related to more severe diabetic retinopathy inçlude: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (a<0.01), nephropathy (a<0.05), proteinuria (a<0.05), duration of the disease (p<0.001), elevated fasting plasma glucose (p=0.11), glycosylate hemoglobin (HbA (1 c)) (p=0.001), total serum cholesterol (p=0.019), lower hematocrit (p=0.004) and hemoglobin (p=0.001). Conclusions: The severity of diabetic retinopathy appears to be associated with risk factors such as duration of disease, type of diabetes, poor metabolic control, hemoglobi levels, total cholesterol and proteinuria. Factors apparently not related to severity of diabetic retinopathy include gender, age, systemic hypertension and hypornagnesemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetic Retinopathy , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 66(5): 621-625, set.-out. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-353728

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o perfil e as preferências dos cirurgiões de catarata que atuam na região sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Um questionário sobre a rotina da cirurgia de catarata foi elaborado pelos autores e enviado a 1.000 oftalmologistas dos três estados que compõem essa região do país (Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul). Ao questionário foi anexada uma carta explicando os propósitos do trabalho, e um envelope pré-selado. A avaliação dos dados colhidos foi realizada por meio do pacote estatístico SPSS 8.0 for Windows®. RESULTADOS: Apenas 210 questionários (21 por cento) foram remetidos pelos entrevistados, devidamente preenchidos. Pela análise dos itens nele contidos, observou-se que fazem parte das preferências desses cirurgiões: o uso da anestesia peribulbar e a extração da catarata pela técnica extracapsular, com implantação de lentes de 5 e 6 milímetros de área óptica e sutura por meio de pontos separados. A facoemulsificação só é usada por 39 por cento desses cirurgiões, em cerca de 60 por cento das suas operações. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar dos constantes avanços tecnológicos observados nessa área da medicina, viu-se que técnicas modernas, como a facoemulsificação, não são ainda utilizadas rotineiramente pelos oftalmologistas da região sul do Brasil que participaram da presente pesquisa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cataract Extraction , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Phacoemulsification , Physicians , Surveys and Questionnaires , Brazil , Professional Practice Location
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 65(1): 83-87, jan.-fev. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-308692

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A diabete mélito é doença metabólica complexa que envolve hiperglicemia, doença microvascular (retina e rim) e neuropatia. A retinopatia e a nefropatia são importantes causas de cegueira e falência renal respectivamente, e complicações relacionadas à diabete mélito. Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre a presença de proteinúria e nefropatia com a gravidade da retinopatia diabética num estudo transversal de pacientes diabéticos. Métodos: Estudo transversal de pacientes diabéticos, sem tratamento oftalmológico prévio, atendidos em serviço de oftalmologia terciário. Estes pacientes foram submetidos a exame fundoscópico, exames laboratoriais e interrogados quanto ao tempo de duração e o tipo de diabete. Comparados os fatores de risco abordados com os achados fundoscópicos. Na análise dos dados quantitativos foi usado o teste t de Student. Resultados: Estudados 81 pacientes, 28 do sexo masculino, 53 do sexo feminino, 28 com diabete insulino-dependente 53 com diabete não-insulino-dependente. Fatores correlacionados estatisticamente com o grupo com retinopatia diabética mais grave incluem: diabete mélito insulino dependente (a<0,01), nefropatia (a<0,05), proteinúria (a<0,05), maior tempo de doença (p<0,001) e valores mais elevados de glicemia de jejum (p=0,01). Conclusões: Concluiu-se que a gravidade de retinopatia diabética está relacionada à presença de proteinúria e nefropatia além de sofrer influência de fatores de risco tais como tempo de duração da doença, tipo de diabete e controle metabólico da doença.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Kidney Diseases , Proteinuria , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Creatinine , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Visual Acuity
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