ABSTRACT
A discriminação tem um impacto negativo na saúde mental e nos desfechos acadêmicos e socioemocionais das pessoas. Um dos instrumentos mais usados para medir a frequência de experiências de discriminação é a Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana. Contudo, esta escala não foi ainda adaptada ao contexto brasileiro. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar e validar a Escala de Discriminação Cotidiana em uma amostra de adolescentes e jovens brasileiros de nível socioeconômico baixo e descrever os motivos de discriminação mais prevalentes. Analisou-se as equivalências linguísticas e a estrutura factorial da escala. A amostra foi composta de 995 estudantes pobres, advindos do Ensino Fundamental de cinco escolas públicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e de duas universidades públicas do Estado do Ceará, com idade entre 11 e 29 anos (M = 15,81, DP = 3,55), 54,8% constituída por mulheres (n = 522). A Análise Fatorial Exploratória realizada revelou uma estrutura unifatorial, com boa confiabilidade e validade. Os motivos de discriminação mais frequentes foram a aparência física e o nível socioeconômico. Os achados sugerem que a versão adaptada da escala apresenta qualidades psicométricas que permitem a sua utilização junto a adolescentes e jovens brasileiros.
Discrimination has a negative impact on people's mental health and academic and socio-emotional outcomes. One of the most commonly used instruments to assess the frequency of discrimination experiences is the Everyday Discrimination Scale. However, this instrument has not yet been adapted to the Brazilian context. Hence, this study aimed to adapt and validate the Everyday Discrimination Scale to a sample of Brazilian adolescents and young adults of low socioeconomic level and describe the most prevalent grounds for discrimination. Linguistic equivalences and the scale's factorial structure were analyzed. The sample comprised 995 students with a background of poverty, attending five public elementary schools in Rio de Janeiro State and two public universities of Ceará State, aged between 11 and 29 years old (M = 15,81; SD = 3,55), of which 54,8% (n = 522) were women. The Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a unifactorial structure, with good reliability and convergent validity. Among the reasons mentioned for the perceived discrimination, physical appearance and socioeconomic level were the most frequent. The findings suggest the scale's adapted version presents psychometric qualities that allow its use with Brazilian adolescents and young people.
La discriminación tiene impacto negativo en la salud mental y los resultados académicos y socioemocionales de las personas. Uno de los instrumentos más utilizados para medir la frecuencia de las experiencias de discriminación es la Escala de Discriminación en la Vida Diaria. Sin embargo, esta escala aún no se ha adaptado al contexto brasileño. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar la Escala de Discriminación Cotidiana en una muestra de adolescentes y jóvenes brasileños de nivel socioeconómico bajo y describir los motivos de discriminación más prevalentes. Se analizaron las equivalencias lingüísticas y la estructura factorial de la escala. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 995 alumnos pobres, provenientes de la Enseñanza Básica de cinco escuelas públicas del Estado de Río de Janeiro y de dos universidades públicas del Ceará, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 29 años (M = 15,81, DT = 3,55), siendo el 54,8% mujeres (n = 522). El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio realizado reveló una estructura unifactorial, con buena fiabilidad y validez. Los motivos de discriminación más frecuentes fueron el aspecto físico y el nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados sugieren que la versión adaptada presenta cualidades psicométricas que permiten su uso con adolescentes y jóvenes brasileños.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Poverty , Prejudice , Social Discrimination , Perceived Discrimination , Low Socioeconomic Status , Brazil , Mental Health , Young Adult , Physical Appearance, BodyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Peer victimization and discrimination are two related forms of social victimization. However, the majority of studies only focus on one form or the other. This study investigates resilience in victims of both these forms of violence. OBJECTIVE: To identify individual and family level factors that foster, or hinder, resilience in the face of both peer victimization and perceived discrimination. PARTICIPANTS: In a sample of 2975 high-school students, 22% (n = 644) met the criteria for substantial social victimization. The sample's mean age was 16.5 years, 57% were girls, 19% were in vocational courses, 12% were from an ethnic minority background, and 5% were lesbian, gay, or bisexual. METHOD: A measure of resilience was created by regressing the mean levels of current mental health, self-esteem, and life satisfaction on the frequency of lifetime peer victimization and past year perceived discrimination. Regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates of resilience considering protective and vulnerability factors, including sociodemographic information, anxious personality, empathy, coping strategies, familial optimism, and the relationship with their mother and father. RESULTS: Resilience was associated with low anxious personality, four coping strategies (active, use of humor, low self-blame, low substance use), and satisfaction with the relationship with the mother. CONCLUSIONS: Resilience is related to both behavioral and meaning-making coping strategies, personality traits, and satisfaction in relationships. This study's findings can be used to tailor interventions to foster resilience in adolescents exposed to social victimization.
