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1.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 14(4)2024 Feb 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396402

ABSTRACT

Giardiasis, caused by the protozoan Giardia intestinalis, affects around 400 million people worldwide, emphasizing the critical need for accurate diagnosis to enhance human health, especially in children. Prolonged giardiasis in childhood can lead to intellectual deficits and other complications. A variety of diagnostic tools, including microscopic, immunological, and molecular methods, are available for detecting G. intestinalis infection. Choosing the most suitable method can be challenging due to the abundance of options. This systematic review assesses the reliability and applicability of these diagnostic modalities. Utilizing the Dimensions and Wordart platforms for data analysis, we focus on relevant literature addressing diagnostic methods for human giardiasis. Microscopic techniques, particularly Ritchie's method, emerge as the primary choice, followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR's limited use is attributed to its high cost and infrastructure challenges in developing nations. In conclusion, our analysis supports microscopic methods as the gold standard for giardiasis diagnosis. However, in cases where symptoms persist despite a negative diagnosis, employing more sensitive diagnostic approaches is advisable.

2.
ROBRAC ; 28(85): 45-52, abr./jun. 2019. Ilus, Tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049233

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar rugosidade superficial (RS), estabilidade de cor (EC) e morfologia de superfície (MS) de um compósito nanoparticulado após diferentes protocolos de acabamento/ polimento com ou sem irrigação. Material e métodos: Cem espécimes foram confeccionados e divididos em 10 grupos (n=10) conforme protocolo de acabamento/polimento: Tira de poliéster; discos abrasivos (DA); DA+espirais (DAE); DA+multi- -laminada+espirais (DAME); espirais (E); e nenhum polimento. Protocolos com DA, DAE, DAME, e E foram realizados a seco e com irrigação. Após acabamento/polimento, os espécimes foram armazenados em água destilada à 37°C. Durante 14 dias, cinco espécimes de cada grupo foram imersos em café por 5min/dia. A EC foi analisada com Espectrofotômetro (CIEL*a*b*) 0, 7 e 14 dias após armazenamento em água ou imersão em café. A RS foi analisada com Rugosímetro (parâmetro Ra) e MS foi analisada com Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). ANOVA, Tukey e Teste T foram realizados para comparações entre os grupos (α=0,05). Resultados: A irrigação promoveu maior EC nos protocolos DAE e E. Os diferentes protocolos promoveram variação de cor semelhante após 14 dias de armazenamento em água. O protocolo E a seco promoveu os maiores valores RS, sendo inferior ao grupo DAME, que promoveu menor rugosidade e foi semelhante aos demais protocolos. Para DAME e E a irrigação foi significativa para diminuir a rugosidade. Na análise por MEV, E com irrigação apresentaram maior lisura superficial. Conclusão: A irrigação durante acabamento/polimento influencia na EC, RS e MS de compósitos. Os protocolos de acabamento/ polimento DAME e E com irrigação foram mais efetivos.


Aim: to evaluate the surface roughness (SR), color stability (CE) and surface morphology (SM) of a nanofilled composite resin exposed to different finishing/ polishing protocols with or without irrigation. Material and methods: One hundred specimens were prepared and divided into 10 groups (n = 10) according to the finishing/polishing protocol: positive control; abrasive discs (AD); AD + spirals (ADS); AD + multi-laminated + spirals (ADMS); spirals (S); and none. Protocols with AD; ADS; ADMS and S were performed to dry or with irrigation. After finishing/ polishing, the samples were stored in distilled water at 37 ° C. For 14 days, five samples of each group were immersed in coffee for 5min/day. The other samples have been stored in water. The CE of the samples was analyzed with Spectrophotometer (CIEL * a * b *) 0, 7 and 14 days after storage in water or coffee. The SR was analyzed with the Rugosimeter and the SM was analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). ANOVA, Tukey and T-test were performed for comparisons between the groups (α=0,05). Results: Irrigation offered higher EC in the ADS and S groups. The benefits of color variation are after 14 days. The use of dry spirals promoted the highest SR values, being lower in the ADMS group, which promoted less roughness and was similar to the other protocols. For ADMS and S the irrigation was significant to decrease the roughness. Analysis by MEV, spirals with irrigation greater superficial smoothness. Conclusion: Irrigation during finishing/polishing influences the CS, SR and SM of composites. The finishing/polishing protocols with ADMS and S with irrigation were more effective.

3.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 47(10): e20170029, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1044880

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to characterize ocular diseases in dogs naturally affected by visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, Piauí State, Brazil. The diagnosis was made using parasitological exams of the bone-marrow and lymph-node samples. The main ophthalmological findings were uveitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Normocytic normochromic anemia was the main hematological finding, followed by thrombocytopenia. Plasma proteins were also considered, and hyperproteinemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and hypoalbuminemia were observed. Ocular histopathological examination revealed mild inflammation involving lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Results indicate the need to perform a differential diagnosis to rule out or establish the presence of Leishmania sp. in dogs presenting with ophthalmic lesions in endemic regions.


RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar as oftalmopatias em cães naturalmente afetados por leishmaniose visceral em Teresina, Piauí. O diagnóstico de leishmaniose foi realizado por exame parasitológico de medula óssea e linfonodos. As principais alterações oftálmicas foram uveíte, conjuntivite, blefarite, ceratite e ceratoconjuntivite seca. Anemia normocítica normocrômica foi a principal alteração hematológica, seguida de trombocitopenia. Em relação às proteínas plasmáticas observou-se hiperproteinemia, hiperglobulinemia e hipoalbuminemia. A histopatologia ocular revelou processo inflamatório moderado constituído por linfócitos, monócitos, neutrófilos e macrófagos. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de se realizar diagnóstico diferencial para Leishmania sp. em cães que apresentem lesões oftálmicas em regiões endêmicas.

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