ABSTRACT
The metallodrug chloridotetrakis(ibuprofenato)diruthenium(II,III) ([Ru2(Ibp)4Cl] or RuIbpCl (1), Ibp=carboxylate anion derived from the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen) has shown promising results in vitro and in vivo, which point to its potential as an inhibitor of glioma tumour growth in vivo. In order to get insight into the influence of structural changes on the biological response of the metallodrug, the [Ru2(Ibp)4] metal-metal multiply bonded paddlewheel unit was modified for the axial ligand. Two new analogues, [Ru2(Ibp)4(CF3SO3)] (2) and [Ru2(Ibp)4(EtOH)2]PF6 (3), were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, vibrational (FTIR, Raman) and electronic (UV/VIS/NIR) spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity measurements, and thermal analysis. RuIbpCl was re-prepared and complementary characterization to previous work was performed. The three axially-modified RuIbp metallodrugs were compared for their effects on U87MG and A172 human glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and cell migration in vitro. The results provide evidence that the chloride ligand in RuIbpCl may play key role in the mode of action of the metallodrug, since the best results for antiproliferative activity were found for (1) in both types of human glioma cells. All the metallodrugs, (1), (2) and (3), were uptaken by the cells, and were shown to cause increase on number of apoptotic cells and decrease on number of mitotic cells. Additionally, the RuIbp metallodrugs were capable of inhibiting cell migration process in both human glioma cell lines. These data are extremely promising as drugs which can inhibit both cell proliferation/mitosis and inhibit cell migration could target two major chemotherapeutic targets in high grade gliomas.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Movement/drug effects , Glioma/drug therapy , Ibuprofen , Mitosis/drug effects , Organometallic Compounds , Ruthenium , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Glioma/metabolism , Humans , Ibuprofen/chemistry , Ibuprofen/pharmacology , Molecular Structure , Organometallic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Organometallic Compounds/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology , Ruthenium/chemistry , Ruthenium/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Mycotoxins are metabolites and toxic substances produced by certain filamentous fungi that frequently contaminate food and agriculture commodities and it may cause disease in animals or humans. The toxigenic fungi are responsible for mycotoxin production in food that belongs to mainly three genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. The contamination of food by mycotoxins is difficult to control in addition, causing economic impacts on public health, so their identification and quantifications are very necessary. Various analytical methods are developed for the detection and quantification of mycotoxins in order to control the residual contents of these toxins. Among them there is a widely used chromatography. This paper reports some chromatographic methods for the detection and quantification of mycotoxins described in patents and scientific articles.
