ABSTRACT
The bronchopneumonia of calves represents a risk to national supply chain because it is an ecopathy and weakens the more intensive production systems. It is characterized by inflammatory changes in the bronchi, bronchioles, lung parenchyma, and pleura. It is a disease of multifactorial traits called Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD). The association of infectious agents with host defense and management to which the animal is subjected leads to the emergence of major clinical manifestations of the disease. The clinical evolution of BRD can also have serious secondary changes such as pulmonary edema, sepsis, and pulmonary hypertension, or even be consequent to the involvement of other structures, such as in cases of myocarditis leading to congestive heart failure. Although this report refers to a non-experimental framework, the circumstances that caused the calf to be subjected to a protocol-specific respiratory assessment involving non-routine reviews has made it possible to associate circulatory and respiratory conditions, rarely considered in ruminant clinic. The focus of this report was pulmonary edema. Modern clinical vision requires of the veterinarian work with cost-benefit relation, so that the more accurate and the earlier the clinical diagnosis the less expensive the treatment.
A broncopneumonia dos bezerros representa um risco à cadeia produtiva nacional por ser uma ecopatia e fragilizar os sistemas mais intensivos de produção. É caracterizada por alterações inflamatórias de brônquios, bronquíolos, parênquima pulmonar e pleura. Por ser uma doença de características multifatoriais é denominada Complexo Doença Respiratória de Bovinos (CDRB). A interação dos agentes infecciosos, a defesa do hospedeiro e o manejo ao qual o animal é submetido determinam as principais manifestações clínicas da doença. A evolução clínica do CDRB também pode apresentar alterações secundárias graves como o edema pulmonar, septicemia e a hipertensão pulmonar, ou mesmo ser consequente ao acometimento de outras estruturas, como nos casos de miocardite que levam à insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Apesar deste relato referir-se a um quadro não experimental, as circunstâncias de submissão a um protocolo de avaliação respiratória específico, envolvendo avaliações não rotineiras, permitiu a o estabelecimento da associação entre as interações circulatórias e o quadro respiratório, pouco consideradas na clínica de ruminantes. A referência do presente relato foi o edema pulmonar. A visão clínica moderna obriga o médico veterinário a trabalhar a relação custo-benefício e, quanto mais acurado e precoce é o diagnóstico clínico, menos dispendioso é o tratamento.
ABSTRACT
Background: Infections are caused by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and still continue to be a worldwide plague in cattle industry. It is responsible for sudden death syndromes in adult cattle with high mortality rates, abortions, acute gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. The BVDV infection occurs in early pregnancy (40-142 days), in immunosuppressed females or cows results in 100% of persistently infected (PI) calves that are seronegative and asymptomatic at birth. Evidences suggests that BVDV contributes to BRD complex potentiating secondary infections caused by Mannheimia haemolytica e Pasteurella multocida due to its immunosuppressive action. However, the farmers have often associated the respiratory syndrome with other infectious agents. This paper reports the attendance of dairy calves manifesting clinical signs of bronchopneumonia, which led to the screening of the persistently infected animals to control of the BVDV infection in the herd.Materials, Methods & Results: During the technical assistance, ten calves manifesting bronchopneumonia were selected to trans-tracheal lavage (TL) in order to identify possible infectious agents. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected the presence of BVDV in two heifers. Pasteurella multocida was the unique bacterial agent isolated from TL (5/10, 50%). These data motivated the technical team and produc
ABSTRACT
Background: Infections are caused by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and still continue to be a worldwide plague in cattle industry. It is responsible for sudden death syndromes in adult cattle with high mortality rates, abortions, acute gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. The BVDV infection occurs in early pregnancy (40-142 days), in immunosuppressed females or cows results in 100% of persistently infected (PI) calves that are seronegative and asymptomatic at birth. Evidences suggests that BVDV contributes to BRD complex potentiating secondary infections caused by Mannheimia haemolytica e Pasteurella multocida due to its immunosuppressive action. However, the farmers have often associated the respiratory syndrome with other infectious agents. This paper reports the attendance of dairy calves manifesting clinical signs of bronchopneumonia, which led to the screening of the persistently infected animals to control of the BVDV infection in the herd.Materials, Methods & Results: During the technical assistance, ten calves manifesting bronchopneumonia were selected to trans-tracheal lavage (TL) in order to identify possible infectious agents. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected the presence of BVDV in two heifers. Pasteurella multocida was the unique bacterial agent isolated from TL (5/10, 50%). These data motivated the technical team and produc
ABSTRACT
Background: Infections are caused by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and still continue to be a worldwide plague in cattle industry. It is responsible for sudden death syndromes in adult cattle with high mortality rates, abortions, acute gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. The BVDV infection occurs in early pregnancy (40-142 days), in immunosuppressed females or cows results in 100% of persistently infected (PI) calves that are seronegative and asymptomatic at birth. Evidences suggests that BVDV contributes to BRD complex potentiating secondary infections caused by Mannheimia haemolytica e Pasteurella multocida due to its immunosuppressive action. However, the farmers have often associated the respiratory syndrome with other infectious agents. This paper reports the attendance of dairy calves manifesting clinical signs of bronchopneumonia, which led to the screening of the persistently infected animals to control of the BVDV infection in the herd.Materials, Methods & Results: During the technical assistance, ten calves manifesting bronchopneumonia were selected to trans-tracheal lavage (TL) in order to identify possible infectious agents. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected the presence of BVDV in two heifers. Pasteurella multocida was the unique bacterial agent isolated from TL (5/10, 50%). These data motivated the technical team and produc
ABSTRACT
Background: Infections are caused by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and still continue to be a worldwide plague in cattle industry. It is responsible for sudden death syndromes in adult cattle with high mortality rates, abortions, acute gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. The BVDV infection occurs in early pregnancy (40-142 days), in immunosuppressed females or cows results in 100% of persistently infected (PI) calves that are seronegative and asymptomatic at birth. Evidences suggests that BVDV contributes to BRD complex potentiating secondary infections caused by Mannheimia haemolytica e Pasteurella multocida due to its immunosuppressive action. However, the farmers have often associated the respiratory syndrome with other infectious agents. This paper reports the attendance of dairy calves manifesting clinical signs of bronchopneumonia, which led to the screening of the persistently infected animals to control of the BVDV infection in the herd.Materials, Methods & Results: During the technical assistance, ten calves manifesting bronchopneumonia were selected to trans-tracheal lavage (TL) in order to identify possible infectious agents. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected the presence of BVDV in two heifers. Pasteurella multocida was the unique bacterial agent isolated from TL (5/10, 50%). These data motivated the technical team and produc
ABSTRACT
Background: Infections are caused by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and still continue to be a worldwide plague in cattle industry. It is responsible for sudden death syndromes in adult cattle with high mortality rates, abortions, acute gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. The BVDV infection occurs in early pregnancy (40-142 days), in immunosuppressed females or cows results in 100% of persistently infected (PI) calves that are seronegative and asymptomatic at birth. Evidences suggests that BVDV contributes to BRD complex potentiating secondary infections caused by Mannheimia haemolytica e Pasteurella multocida due to its immunosuppressive action. However, the farmers have often associated the respiratory syndrome with other infectious agents. This paper reports the attendance of dairy calves manifesting clinical signs of bronchopneumonia, which led to the screening of the persistently infected animals to control of the BVDV infection in the herd.Materials, Methods & Results: During the technical assistance, ten calves manifesting bronchopneumonia were selected to trans-tracheal lavage (TL) in order to identify possible infectious agents. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected the presence of BVDV in two heifers. Pasteurella multocida was the unique bacterial agent isolated from TL (5/10, 50%). These data motivated the technical team and produc
ABSTRACT
Background: Infections are caused by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and still continue to be a worldwide plague in cattle industry. It is responsible for sudden death syndromes in adult cattle with high mortality rates, abortions, acute gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. The BVDV infection occurs in early pregnancy (40-142 days), in immunosuppressed females or cows results in 100% of persistently infected (PI) calves that are seronegative and asymptomatic at birth. Evidences suggests that BVDV contributes to BRD complex potentiating secondary infections caused by Mannheimia haemolytica e Pasteurella multocida due to its immunosuppressive action. However, the farmers have often associated the respiratory syndrome with other infectious agents. This paper reports the attendance of dairy calves manifesting clinical signs of bronchopneumonia, which led to the screening of the persistently infected animals to control of the BVDV infection in the herd.Materials, Methods & Results: During the technical assistance, ten calves manifesting bronchopneumonia were selected to trans-tracheal lavage (TL) in order to identify possible infectious agents. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected the presence of BVDV in two heifers. Pasteurella multocida was the unique bacterial agent isolated from TL (5/10, 50%). These data motivated the technical team and produc
ABSTRACT
This study aims to evaluate the atypical lymphocyte in Holstein dairy cows in seropositive animals for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) with or without persistent lymphocytosis and in seronegative BLV ones, and correlate them with apoptosis of cells CD5+ and lymphocyte proliferation. Thus, we selected 56 animals, and divided according to the white blood count and serological response for BLV performed by agar gel immunodiffusion and by enzyme immunoabsorbent assay in: negative (N, n=25), nonlymphocytic (AL, n=12) and with persistent lymphocytosis (PL, n=19). In these animals, the atypical lymphocyte was evaluated. 15 animals were selected, five for each group, and they were evaluated for correlation about atypical lymphocyte and lymphocyte proliferation or apoptosis of CD5+ cells. The results of this study showed that the absolute and relative values of atypical lymphocytes were higher in group PL. Regarding atypical lymphocytes, lymphocytes Gumprecht shadow, lymphocyte and monocytoid lymphocytes with dual core, were found in the three study groups, but more commonly found in animals infected with BLV especially in animals with PL. The apoptosis of CD5+ cells has a positive correlation with lymphocytes with dual core, which did not occur in other cell populations. The negative correlation between lymphocyte proliferation and monocytoid lymphocytes was observed, which did not occur i
O presente trabalho teve o objetivo avaliar a atipia linfocitária, em bovinos da raça Holandesa Preto e Branco naturalmente infectados pelo vírus da leucemia bovina (BLV) correlacionando-a com as duas formas de manifestação da doença, linfocitose persistente (LP) e alinfocitóticos (AL). Assim, foram selecionados 56 animais, que foram divididos em três grupos distintos, sendo eles negativos (N, n=25), alinfocitóticos ( n=12) e com linfocitose persistente (n=19), de acordo com resultados do leucograma e do sorodiagnóstico da Leucose Enzoótica Bovina (LEB) pela imunodifusão em agar gel e pelo ensaio imunoenzimático. Destes, foram avaliadas as atipias linfocitárias. Em 15 animais, cinco de cada grupo, realizou-se análise de correlação entre as atipias linfocitárias e com os índices de proliferação de linfócitos e apoptose de células CD5+. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que os linfócitos atípicos, e suas diferentes morfologias: sombra de Gümprecht, linfócito monocitóide e linfócito com núcleo duplo, foram encontrados nos três grupos, porém mais comumente em animais infectados pelo BLV, predominantemente no grupo manifestando LP. Na análise da correlação entre a apoptose de células CD5+ e a porcentagem das populações linfocitárias, observou-se que a apoptose teve correlação negativa com atipia linfocitária. Na correlação entre a proliferação, observou-se que quanto maior a porc
ABSTRACT
This study aims to evaluate the atypical lymphocyte in Holstein dairy cows in seropositive animals for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) with or without persistent lymphocytosis and in seronegative BLV ones, and correlate them with apoptosis of cells CD5+ and lymphocyte proliferation. Thus, we selected 56 animals, and divided according to the white blood count and serological response for BLV performed by agar gel immunodiffusion and by enzyme immunoabsorbent assay in: negative (N, n=25), nonlymphocytic (AL, n=12) and with persistent lymphocytosis (PL, n=19). In these animals, the atypical lymphocyte was evaluated. 15 animals were selected, five for each group, and they were evaluated for correlation about atypical lymphocyte and lymphocyte proliferation or apoptosis of CD5+ cells. The results of this study showed that the absolute and relative values of atypical lymphocytes were higher in group PL. Regarding atypical lymphocytes, lymphocytes Gumprecht shadow, lymphocyte and monocytoid lymphocytes with dual core, were found in the three study groups, but more commonly found in animals infected with BLV especially in animals with PL. The apoptosis of CD5+ cells has a positive correlation with lymphocytes with dual core, which did not occur in other cell populations. The negative correlation between lymphocyte proliferation and monocytoid lymphocytes was observed, which did not occur i
O presente trabalho teve o objetivo avaliar a atipia linfocitária, em bovinos da raça Holandesa Preto e Branco naturalmente infectados pelo vírus da leucemia bovina (BLV) correlacionando-a com as duas formas de manifestação da doença, linfocitose persistente (LP) e alinfocitóticos (AL). Assim, foram selecionados 56 animais, que foram divididos em três grupos distintos, sendo eles negativos (N, n=25), alinfocitóticos ( n=12) e com linfocitose persistente (n=19), de acordo com resultados do leucograma e do sorodiagnóstico da Leucose Enzoótica Bovina (LEB) pela imunodifusão em agar gel e pelo ensaio imunoenzimático. Destes, foram avaliadas as atipias linfocitárias. Em 15 animais, cinco de cada grupo, realizou-se análise de correlação entre as atipias linfocitárias e com os índices de proliferação de linfócitos e apoptose de células CD5+. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que os linfócitos atípicos, e suas diferentes morfologias: sombra de Gümprecht, linfócito monocitóide e linfócito com núcleo duplo, foram encontrados nos três grupos, porém mais comumente em animais infectados pelo BLV, predominantemente no grupo manifestando LP. Na análise da correlação entre a apoptose de células CD5+ e a porcentagem das populações linfocitárias, observou-se que a apoptose teve correlação negativa com atipia linfocitária. Na correlação entre a proliferação, observou-se que quanto maior a porc
ABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a frequência e número absoluto de linfócitos B e das subpopulações de linfócitos T em bovinos infectados pelo vírus da leucemia bovina (BLV) com distintos perfis leucocitários conhecidos como não leucêmicos (AL) e com linfocitose persistente (LP). Deste modo, 15 animais foram selecionados e divididos uniformemente em três grupos (negativo, AL e LP). A infecção pelo vírus da BLV foi detectada por imunodifusão em ágar gel e por ensaio imunoenzimático. A quantificação das populações de linfócitos B e T foi determinada por citometria de fluxo utilizando anticorpos monoclonais. Os resultados do presente estudo apontaram para aumento da população de linfócitos B, e também das células CD5+ e CD11b+, que geralmente são alvo da infecção pelo vírus da BLV, nos animais com LP. Consequentemente pode-se observar redução da porcentagem de linfócitos T, T CD4+ no sangue periférico, e de linfócitos T, T CD4+ e T CD8+ nas células mononucleares do sangue periférico isoladas por gradiente de centrifugação. No entanto, nenhuma alteração no número absoluto de linfócitos T, T CD4+ e T CD8+ no sangue periférico foi encontrada nos animais manifestando LP. Entretanto, encontrou-se correlação alta e significativa entre o número absoluto de linfócitos T e T CD8+ e o número absoluto de linfócitos B no sangue periférico nos animais manifestando LP, não encontrand
The aim of the present trial was to determine the frequencies and absolute number of B and T lymphocytes subpopulations in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected dairy cows with distinct lymphocyte profile known as non-leukemic (AL) and persistent lymphocytosis (PL). Thus, 15 animals were selected and divided uniformly in three groups (negative, AL, PL). The BLV infection was detected by agar gel immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay. The lymphocytes subsets were evaluated using monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. The results of the present study pointed out to an increase in B lymphocytes, and also an augment in CD5+ and CD11b+ cells in animals showing PL. Consequently, it can be observed a decrease in the percentage of T cells subsets in these animals. Conversely, no significant alterations in the absolute number of the T lymphocytes, T CD4+ cells and T CD8+ lymphocytes were found in BLV-infected dairy cows with PL. Therefore, the correlation between the absolute numbers of B- and T cell subsets in the peripheral blood applied to each group showed a significant and positive strong correlation between numbers of B cells and T cells or T CD8+ cells in the PL animals, although the same cannot be predicted for T CD4+ lymphocytes. No such correlation was encountered for the AL and negative-control animals.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a frequência e número absoluto de linfócitos B e das subpopulações de linfócitos T em bovinos infectados pelo vírus da leucemia bovina (BLV) com distintos perfis leucocitários conhecidos como não leucêmicos (AL) e com linfocitose persistente (LP). Deste modo, 15 animais foram selecionados e divididos uniformemente em três grupos (negativo, AL e LP). A infecção pelo vírus da BLV foi detectada por imunodifusão em ágar gel e por ensaio imunoenzimático. A quantificação das populações de linfócitos B e T foi determinada por citometria de fluxo utilizando anticorpos monoclonais. Os resultados do presente estudo apontaram para aumento da população de linfócitos B, e também das células CD5+ e CD11b+, que geralmente são alvo da infecção pelo vírus da BLV, nos animais com LP. Consequentemente pode-se observar redução da porcentagem de linfócitos T, T CD4+ no sangue periférico, e de linfócitos T, T CD4+ e T CD8+ nas células mononucleares do sangue periférico isoladas por gradiente de centrifugação. No entanto, nenhuma alteração no número absoluto de linfócitos T, T CD4+ e T CD8+ no sangue periférico foi encontrada nos animais manifestando LP. Entretanto, encontrou-se correlação alta e significativa entre o número absoluto de linfócitos T e T CD8+ e o número absoluto de linfócitos B no sangue periférico nos animais manifestando LP, não encontrand
The aim of the present trial was to determine the frequencies and absolute number of B and T lymphocytes subpopulations in bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected dairy cows with distinct lymphocyte profile known as non-leukemic (AL) and persistent lymphocytosis (PL). Thus, 15 animals were selected and divided uniformly in three groups (negative, AL, PL). The BLV infection was detected by agar gel immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay. The lymphocytes subsets were evaluated using monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. The results of the present study pointed out to an increase in B lymphocytes, and also an augment in CD5+ and CD11b+ cells in animals showing PL. Consequently, it can be observed a decrease in the percentage of T cells subsets in these animals. Conversely, no significant alterations in the absolute number of the T lymphocytes, T CD4+ cells and T CD8+ lymphocytes were found in BLV-infected dairy cows with PL. Therefore, the correlation between the absolute numbers of B- and T cell subsets in the peripheral blood applied to each group showed a significant and positive strong correlation between numbers of B cells and T cells or T CD8+ cells in the PL animals, although the same cannot be predicted for T CD4+ lymphocytes. No such correlation was encountered for the AL and negative-control animals.
ABSTRACT
Foi avaliada a resposta imunoalérgica ao derivado protéico purificado (PPD) bovino, administrado pela via intradérmica em diferentes regiões da superfície corpórea de caprinos (Capra hircus) experimentalmente sensibilizados com Mycobacterium bovis estirpe AN5. Foram utilizados 20 caprinos adultos clinicamente sadios dos quais 14 animais constituíram o grupo experimental, que recebeu o PPD bovino em diferentes regiões do corpo (cervical cranial, cervical caudal, torácica ventral, torácica dorsal, abdominal ventral, abdominal dorsal e prega da cauda) e seis do grupo controle, inoculados com solução fisiológica. Os caprinos foram monitorados por exames clínicos e mensurações da reação ao PPD efetuadas com cutímetro de mola, 24h antes, 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h e 96 horas após aplicação. A análise dos resultados obtidos constatou que os maiores aumentos de espessura da pele foram registrados nas regiões abdominal dorsal, torácica dorsal e cervical caudal às 24h, 48h e 72 horas de aplicação. Na prega da cauda, região torácica ventral e abdominal ventral, os aumentos da espessura da pele foram inferiores aos observados nas outras regiões (p 0,05). A análise do conjunto dos resultados recomenda que nos caprinos, o teste imunoalérgico simples da tuberculose deva ser efetuado com leitura após 72 horas da aplicação e o PPD administrado via intradérmica, preferencialmente na região abdomin
ABSTRACT
Milk samples from 45 halves were collected from lactating ewes to evaluate the effect of freezing and incubation of the whole milk on the qualitative results of bacteriologic culture. Thus, these milk samples were submitted to the following treatments: standard culture technique (T1), incubation for 18h at 37C (T2) and thawing at -20C for 24h (T3). After these periods, the milk samples from T2 and T3 were submitted to standard culture technique. The T2 showed an increase in the proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) recovery compared to T1, although the same cannot be predicted by T3. Conversely, the T2 allows the growth of some bacteria present in clinically healthy teats ducts as Bacillus spp.. The results of the present study indicated that the incubation of the whole milk can be applied to detection of CNS in ewes milk in attempt to reduce the false-negative culture milk samples that can lead to a more efficient use of laboratory resources and reduce costs to herd owners.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do congelamento e da incubação do leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês sobre os resultados da cultura bacteriológica. Desta forma, 45 amostras de leite ovino foram coletadas, e submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: cultura bacteriológica (T1), e simultaneamente incubadas a 37C por 18 horas (T2) e congeladas a -20C por 24 horas (T3). Após esses períodos, as amostras dos T2 e T3 foram submetidas à cultura bacteriológica. O T2 possibilitou aumento no isolamento de estafilococos coagulase-negativo (ECN) comparadas ao T1, não ocorrendo o mesmo com o T3. No entanto, o T2 permitiu o desenvolvimento de bactérias normalmente presentes na microbiota dos ductos dos tetos em ovelhas sadias, como o Bacillus spp.. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que a incubação pode ser aplicada para a detecção de ECN na tentativa de reduzir resultados falso-negativos na cultura bacteriológica do leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, determinando o uso mais eficiente dos recursos laboratoriais e a redução dos custos para os proprietários.
ABSTRACT
The measurement of pH in milk is one of the most important and frequent procedures performed in biochemistry practices. This variable is applied to the diagnosis of mammary gland disease, assessment of industrial yields, and identification of metabolic diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate de effect of freezing the milk from healthy and infected mammary glands of Santa Ines ewes on the pH. The bacteriological culture of 183 milk samples was analyzed resulting in 146 negative and 37 positive samples. From these, the hydrogen ion concentration was determined on sampling day and after freezing at -20C for 30 months. A reduction on pH was observed after freezing, and the bacteriological positive samples showed the highest pH values. A higher decrease of the pH after freezing was seen in positive samples. Thus, the kind of conservation of milk samples should be considered, as well as the results of parameters that could be influenced by such variation.KEYWORDS: pH, freezing, milk, ewes.
A mensuração do pH do leite é um dos procedimentos mais importantes e frequentes na prática bioquímica. Essa variável aplica-se ao diagnóstico de doenças da glândula mamária, avaliação de rendimento industrial e identificação de síndromes metabólicas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito sobre o pH, do congelamento do leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês proveniente de glândulas mamárias consideradas sadias e infectadas. Foram analisadas 183 amostras, sendo estas divididas em negativas (146) e positivas (37), segundo o resultado da cultura bacteriológica. Dessas amostras determinou-se o pH no momento da coleta e após o congelamento a -20 C por trinta meses. Observou-se redução do pH após o congelamento, sendo os valores maiores nas amostras que apresentaram resultado positivo na cultura bacteriológica. Houve maior decréscimo do pH após congelamento nas que apresentaram resultado positivo na cultura bacteriol?gica. O tipo de conservação das amostras lácteas deve ser considerado, bem como a análise de parâmetros que podem ser influenciados por essa variação.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: pH, congelamento, leite, mastite, ovelhas.?
ABSTRACT
Milk samples from 45 halves were collected from lactating ewes to evaluate the effect of freezing and incubation of the whole milk on the qualitative results of bacteriologic culture. Thus, these milk samples were submitted to the following treatments: standard culture technique (T1), incubation for 18h at 37C (T2) and thawing at -20C for 24h (T3). After these periods, the milk samples from T2 and T3 were submitted to standard culture technique. The T2 showed an increase in the proportion of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) recovery compared to T1, although the same cannot be predicted by T3. Conversely, the T2 allows the growth of some bacteria present in clinically healthy teats ducts as Bacillus spp.. The results of the present study indicated that the incubation of the whole milk can be applied to detection of CNS in ewes milk in attempt to reduce the false-negative culture milk samples that can lead to a more efficient use of laboratory resources and reduce costs to herd owners.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do congelamento e da incubação do leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês sobre os resultados da cultura bacteriológica. Desta forma, 45 amostras de leite ovino foram coletadas, e submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: cultura bacteriológica (T1), e simultaneamente incubadas a 37C por 18 horas (T2) e congeladas a -20C por 24 horas (T3). Após esses períodos, as amostras dos T2 e T3 foram submetidas à cultura bacteriológica. O T2 possibilitou aumento no isolamento de estafilococos coagulase-negativo (ECN) comparadas ao T1, não ocorrendo o mesmo com o T3. No entanto, o T2 permitiu o desenvolvimento de bactérias normalmente presentes na microbiota dos ductos dos tetos em ovelhas sadias, como o Bacillus spp.. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que a incubação pode ser aplicada para a detecção de ECN na tentativa de reduzir resultados falso-negativos na cultura bacteriológica do leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, determinando o uso mais eficiente dos recursos laboratoriais e a redução dos custos para os proprietários.
ABSTRACT
Foi avaliada a resposta imunoalérgica ao derivado protéico purificado (PPD) bovino, administrado pela via intradérmica em diferentes regiões da superfície corpórea de caprinos (Capra hircus) experimentalmente sensibilizados com Mycobacterium bovis estirpe AN5. Foram utilizados 20 caprinos adultos clinicamente sadios dos quais 14 animais constituíram o grupo experimental, que recebeu o PPD bovino em diferentes regiões do corpo (cervical cranial, cervical caudal, torácica ventral, torácica dorsal, abdominal ventral, abdominal dorsal e prega da cauda) e seis do grupo controle, inoculados com solução fisiológica. Os caprinos foram monitorados por exames clínicos e mensurações da reação ao PPD efetuadas com cutímetro de mola, 24h antes, 0h, 24h, 48h, 72h e 96 horas após aplicação. A análise dos resultados obtidos constatou que os maiores aumentos de espessura da pele foram registrados nas regiões abdominal dorsal, torácica dorsal e cervical caudal às 24h, 48h e 72 horas de aplicação. Na prega da cauda, região torácica ventral e abdominal ventral, os aumentos da espessura da pele foram inferiores aos observados nas outras regiões (p 0,05). A análise do conjunto dos resultados recomenda que nos caprinos, o teste imunoalérgico simples da tuberculose deva ser efetuado com leitura após 72 horas da aplicação e o PPD administrado via intradérmica, preferencialmente na região abdomin
ABSTRACT
The measurement of pH in milk is one of the most important and frequent procedures performed in biochemistry practices. This variable is applied to the diagnosis of mammary gland disease, assessment of industrial yields, and identification of metabolic diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate de effect of freezing the milk from healthy and infected mammary glands of Santa Ines ewes on the pH. The bacteriological culture of 183 milk samples was analyzed resulting in 146 negative and 37 positive samples. From these, the hydrogen ion concentration was determined on sampling day and after freezing at -20C for 30 months. A reduction on pH was observed after freezing, and the bacteriological positive samples showed the highest pH values. A higher decrease of the pH after freezing was seen in positive samples. Thus, the kind of conservation of milk samples should be considered, as well as the results of parameters that could be influenced by such variation.KEYWORDS: pH, freezing, milk, ewes.
A mensuração do pH do leite é um dos procedimentos mais importantes e frequentes na prática bioquímica. Essa variável aplica-se ao diagnóstico de doenças da glândula mamária, avaliação de rendimento industrial e identificação de síndromes metabólicas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito sobre o pH, do congelamento do leite de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês proveniente de glândulas mamárias consideradas sadias e infectadas. Foram analisadas 183 amostras, sendo estas divididas em negativas (146) e positivas (37), segundo o resultado da cultura bacteriológica. Dessas amostras determinou-se o pH no momento da coleta e após o congelamento a -20 C por trinta meses. Observou-se redução do pH após o congelamento, sendo os valores maiores nas amostras que apresentaram resultado positivo na cultura bacteriológica. Houve maior decréscimo do pH após congelamento nas que apresentaram resultado positivo na cultura bacteriol?gica. O tipo de conservação das amostras lácteas deve ser considerado, bem como a análise de parâmetros que podem ser influenciados por essa variação.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: pH, congelamento, leite, mastite, ovelhas.?