Anatomical distribution of developing trophozoites and schizonts of Plasmodium vivax in Aotus lemurinus lemurinus and Saimiri sciureus.

Organ distribution of developing trophozoite- and schizont-infected erythrocytes of Plasmodium vivax and night monkeys, Aotus lemurinus lemurinus, and squirrel monkeys, Saimiri sciureus, was determined. The primary site for the infection in both species was the splenic vasculature. Secondary organ involvement differed between hosts although some overlapping did occur.

Relevance of detection of immunoglobulin M antibody response in birds used for arbovirus surveillance.

Young chickens were inoculated with 5,000 PFU of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus and bled at intervals thereafter for determinations of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI), neutralizing (N), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and IgG antibodies. HI, N, and IgM antibodies were first detected 4 days after infection, and IgG was detected 7 days after infection. All four antibodies persisted through day 90 after infection. HI, N, and IgM antibody titers remained elevated and were not cross-reactive with the related alphavirus western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus. IgG antibody titers also remained high, but heterologous reactivity to WEE virus increased with time after infection. Serum samples from sentinel chickens and wild birds infected in nature with EEE, WEE, or St. Louis encephalitis virus and submitted to this laboratory from state and local health departments were tested for IgM antibody by using anti-chicken IgM for capture and for IgG antibodies to the EEE and WEE viruses. There was essentially complete correlation between HI, N, and either IgM (indicating recent infections) or IgG (indicating more remote infections) antibody. We conclude that the IgM antibody capture enzyme immunoassay can be used as a specific and sensitive assay to replace the routinely used HI test for detecting antibody in sentinel chickens and in young, wild birds used for arbovirus surveillance. The test is rapid and relatively inexpensive and can be performed in essentially all adequately supplied laboratories.

Mycotic tubo-ovarian abscess associated with the intrauterine device.

PIP: This case report of a 35-year-old white woman, gravida O, may represent the 1st report of tubo-ovarian aspergillosis. The long-term presence of an IUD may have been significant in the etiology. Increasing tenderness and pain in the lower abdomen of 1 week duration was reported. Fever and chills with nausea had been present 12 hours. An increased leukocyte count was found. Other physical findings were normal, except for the presence of a tender pelvic mass. Her last menstrual period had been 2 weeks prior to admission. A Lippes loop had been worn for 11 years and was still present. Intravenous fluids and antibiotics were given. At laparotomy a tuboovarian abscess and peritonitis were found. Multiple cultures were taken. After salpingo-oophorectomy drains were placed within the pelvis and abdomen. Microscopic sections of removed tissue showed compact masses of septate, branching mycelium. Cultures reported pure growth of aspergilli. A 10-day course of amphotericin-B and 5-flurocytosime therapy was given. The patient improved and is being followed as an outpatient.^ieng

Experimental infection of Aotus monkeys with Plasmodium falciparum Light and electron microscopic changes.

Six splenectomized Aotus owl monkeys were infected with P. falciparum. The animals were sacrificed when they became moribund and tissues were faken for light and electron microscopic studies. Electron microscopy revealed marked structural changes in both the liver and the heart. In the liver there was glycogen depletion, lipid droplet infiltration mitochondrial disorganization with reduction in numbers and alterations of the microvilli in the sinusoidal pole and the bile canaliculi. In the heart, there was lipid droplet infiltration and focal disorganization of the myofibrils around the intercalated disc. There was focal mitochondrial disorganization and mitochondrial concentration around the muscle lesion. The ultrastructural changes in liver and heart were similar to those described in animals dying of shock, of at least two hours duration, in different experimental models. Ultrastructural lesions found in other organs were less marked. In the kidneys there was mainly a moderate lipid infiltration of the tubular epithelium. This change is probably the early precursor of that seen at four hours in animals dying in experimental shock. The above changes are discussed in light of the known pathophysiology of both experimental infections in animals and natural human malarial infections.

Deep vascular schizogony in Plasmodium fragile: organ distribution and ultrastructure of erythrocytes adherent to vascular endothelium.

Erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium fragile, like those infected with P. falciparum and P. coatneyi, adhere to vessels in heart, adipose tissue and, to a lesser ex00 nm knob protrusions on the plasma membrane of infected erythrocytes. The close apposition between knobs and endothelium (1 nm or less) excludes macromolecules such as fibrinogen or antibodies as the adhesive force. The components on the membrane responsible for adhesion at the knobs remain unknown.