ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Survivin, which is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein gene family, regulates both programmed cell death and mitosis. It has been shown that survivin expression and its subcellular localization both have prognostic value for patients with malignant disease. In this study, the authors investigated whether nuclear or cytoplasmic staining of survivin was a prognostic marker for patients with lung carcinoma. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 144 patients with Stage I and II resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were obtained for immunohistochemical staining. Three specimens from each patient were prepared and stained with a survivin-specific antibody. Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was graded from 1 to 3 based on intensity. RESULTS: Patients who had nuclear staining for survivin had a significantly increased risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.95; P = 0.0046) and death (hazard ratio, 2.74; P = 0.0086). CONCLUSIONS: The nuclear presence of survivin may be an independent biomarker for disease recurrence and overall survival in patients with resected Stage I and II NSCLC.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Cytoplasm/metabolism , Female , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Proteins , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Survival Rate , SurvivinABSTRACT
Diffusion-tensor (DT) MRI fiber tracking may potentially be used for in vivo structural analysis. The purpose of this study was to assess quantitatively the ability of a DT-MRI fiber-tracking algorithm to measure the fiber orientation (pennation) in skeletal muscle in vivo. In five adult Sprague-Dawley rats, the pennation angle (theta) was measured in the rat lateral gastrocnemius with DT-MRI (theta(DT-MRI)) and by direct anatomical inspection (DAI) (theta(DAI)). The mean theta(DT-MRI) was not significantly different from the mean theta(DAI). In addition, the two methods were highly correlated (r = 0.89) and the regression of theta(DT-MRI) on theta(DAI) resulted in a slope not significantly different from 1 and an intercept not significantly different from zero. These data indicate that DT-MRI-based fiber tracking as implemented here is a valid tool for in vivo structural analysis of small-animal skeletal muscle.
