[The problem of long/post-COVID in expert assessments]. / Problematik von Long­/Post-COVID in der Begutachtung.

Assessing long/post-COVID syndrome (PCS) following an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a multidisciplinary challenge due to the diverse and complex symptoms. Besides discipline-specific evaluation of infection-related organ damage, the main issue is expert objectivity and causality assessment regarding subjective symptoms. The consequences of long/PCS raise questions of insurance rights in all fields of law. In cases of persistent impairment of performance, determining reduction in earning capacity is crucial for those affected. Recognition as an occupational disease (BK no. 3101) is vital for employees in healthcare and welfare sectors, along with occupational accident recognition and assessing the illness's consequences, including the reduction in earning capacity (MdE) in other sectors or work areas. Therefore, expert assessments of illness consequences and differentiation from previous illnesses or damage disposition are necessary in all areas of law, individually based on corresponding organ manifestations in medical fields and interdisciplinarily for complex late sequelae, for instance, by internists with appropriate qualifications for pulmonary or cardiac manifestations and neurologists, psychiatrists, and neuropsychologists for neurological and psychiatric manifestations, etc.

[Base-rate estimates for negative response bias in a workers' compensation claim sample]. / Prävalenz negativer Antwort- verzerrungen in der berufsgenossen- schaftlichen Begutachtung.

Against the background of a growing interest in symptom validity assessment in European countries, new data on base rates of negative response bias is presented. A retrospective data analysis of forensic psychological evaluations was performed based on 398 patients with workers' compensation claims. 48 percent of all patients scored below cut-off in at least one symptom validity test (SVT) indicating possible negative response bias. However, different SVTs appear to have differing potential to identify negative response bias. The data point at the necessity to use modern methods to check data validity in civil forensic contexts.

[The tolerance and residue accumulation of sodium-2,2-dichloropropionate (Dalapon) administered over 90 days to dairy cows]. / Untersuchungen zur Verträglichkeit und Rückstandsbildung von Natrium-2,2-dichlorpropionat (Dalapon) bei Verabreichung über 90 Tage an Milchkühe.

The influence of the pesticide Sodium-2,2-dichlorpropionate (Na-DCP; Dalapon) was investigated on dairy cows concerning of its effect on ability and health condition. The investigations were carried out in practice using several parameters (feeding, efficiency, haematological and clinicochemical parameters, tests of the slaughtered organisms including their patho-histological examination). The arising of residues was controlled in milk, organs and tissue as well. The pesticide was daily applied orally with the feedstuff in 3 different dosages (2.5, 10, 30 mg/kg b. w./d). Feedstuff consumption, results of milk production and milk quality were not influenced by Na-DCP. The presented results can not verify with safety the insignificant alterations of some clinicochemical parameters (Creatinine, Bilirubin). Direct after the deposit of Dalapon in all samples of milk, organs and tissue residues of this pesticide could be observed. The maximum tolerable residue levels for animal in the ex-GDR were exceeded under these conditions.

[Use of mestranol as an anabolic substance in fattening bulls]. / Einsatz des Mestranols als anabole Substanz in der Bullenmast.

In 5 experiments 137 fattening bulls received between 0 and 20 mg Mestranol per animal and day. In one experiment a dose of 10 mg/day reduced consumption. The cause of this effect could not be found. In three experiments Mestranol increased weight gain by 4-13%. Feed expenditure was significantly decreased in only one experiment, in which 5-10 mg were given (average of all experiments: 4%). In dependence on the amount of Mestranol the weight of skin, horn and testicles decreased, when only 5-10 mg were given, however, protein retention increased whereas fat retention decreased. When 20 mg Mestranol are given per animal and day, the anabolic effect is missing although the NEFcattle-expenditure per kJ retention including maintenance decreases. This is due to a higher fat retention, which is causally inexplicable. The ergotropic effect of Mestranol depends on its dosage and possibly the nutrients in the ration.

[The Kleine-Levin-Critchley-syndrome. A contribution to the solution of differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. / Das Kleine-Levin-Critchley-Syndrom--Ein Beitrag zu seiner differentialdiagnostischen Klärung.

The typical symptoms of the so-called Kleine-Levin-Critchley-Syndrome are described according to our own observation of four selected patients (one woman, three men) on the background of the literature on the subject. In contrast to the first descriptions we characterise this syndrome by the Trias: periodic hypersomnia, vegetative disturbances (especially of food intake) and psychopathologic symptoms. Especially young men in their second decade of life suffer from this syndrome. As far as women are concerned the disease is found more seldom but the authors are sure that it exists. A spontaneous remission of the periodically proceeding disease often occurs in the third decade of life. In analogy to the respective literature a retardation of the EEG during the course of the disease going along with otherwise inconspicuous neurology was observed by the authors. Polygraphic-EEG studies are seldom. The cause of the syndrome is still open to question. Our observation show that a primarily disposition-linked and a secondarily acquisition-linked form can be assumed. Good effects are put down to amphetamines used for therapy. As far as differential diagnosis is concerned infections and abusus must be excluded.

[The diagnosis of organic brain damage with common psychodiagnostic tests (author's transl)]. / Welche Aussagekraft besitzen die geläufigen psychodiagnostischen Testverfahren für den Nachweis eines organischen Hirnschadens?

WIP, Hopper-VOT, Benton-Test d2-Test, and the KVT were used to examine 124 brain-damaged people with sufficiently secured localized wounds on the brain (48 frontal, 30 temperoral, 29 parietal and 17 occipital lobe damaged patients). The results showed considerable differences depending on the localisation of the injury. The differences between the frontal lobe damaged and the parieto-occipital damaged patients were significant. A normal score in one or more tests does not exclude a frontal lobe damage.

[Analysis of soil respiration-curves (author's transl)]. / Analyse von Bodenatmungskurven.

Soil respiration curves, measured under constant conditions, change after an initial phase to a relative steady course. Now there is an adjustment of an ecological equilibrium in the activity of soil microbes. This state of equilibrium is characterized by a linear course of the log CO2 = f(log t)-curves and is named "Grundatmung" (basic respiration). If this equilibrium ist disturbed by application of primary organic substances or the availability of slowly decomposable organic matter, then microbial growth-phases appear dominating as first-order reactions in the form of increased CO2-delivery. However, in the further course this process changes over again to the state of "Grundatmung".--This linearity of the log CO2 = f(log t)-curves is explained by the existence of a whole series of superimposed first-order reactions, synthetisizing secondary biomasses in the substrate.--This linearity permits a temporary extrapolation of the CO2-release of soils and is important for the quantification of the soil habitat (zoning) mineralisation.