ABSTRACT
Background: Cervical cancer is the second-highest cause of death in women with cancer, which is mostly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, specifically HPV 16 and 18. Next to Pap smear and visual inspection with acetic acid, HPV vaccination is highly recommended to support preventive measures. Objective: This study aimed to determine parental acceptance of HPV vaccination in districts with high prevalence of cervical cancer and different levels of household income in West Java, Indonesia by taking several factors into account. Methods: A questionnaire was delivered to 286 parents who met the major inclusion criteria of having daughters at 5th or 6th grade of elementary schools in three selected districts: Bandung, Purwakarta and Karawang. In particular, logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the correlation of acceptance towards HPV vaccination with sociodemographic factors. Results: Respondents in Bandung, Purwakarta and Karawang were willing to pay for HPV vaccine at a price range of US$ 1.38-20.69, US$ 0.07-34.48, and US$ 1.38-6.90, respectively. In addition, respondents' spouse was the key person influencing their decision to vaccinate their children. Conclusion: Education level and health beliefs toward cervical cancer have significant correlation (p-value <0.05) with acceptance towards HPV vaccination.
ABSTRACT
Background: In countries with limited resources, a targeted HPV vaccination strategy by focusing in selected regions is preferable to be implemented than a nationwide vaccination strategy. Objective: This study aimed to review articles on economic evaluations of HPV vaccination in countries over the world that applied targeted vaccination strategies. Methods: Approximately 1769 articles were obtained from two databases (1242 and 527 articles from PubMed and ProQuest, respectively). The inclusion criteria in this systematic review were studies about full economic evaluations of HPV vaccination in targeted area or sub-national level and written in English. Full-text screening was applied to evaluate the eligibility. Final articles obtained were referred to the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standard (CHEERS) checklist. Finally, we included only 4 articles that met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Included studies in this review focused in different targeted regions, such as Punjab State in India, Vientiane in Lao PDR, Southern Vietnam in Vietnam, and Brazilian Amazon in Brazil. From 24 criteria in the CHEERS checklist, all included studies could meet 21 criteria (87.5%). All included studies in this review applied modeling approaches, which can estimate the number of cases and treatment costs averted. Applying various settings, the results of this study showed that HPV vaccination could potentially reduce the number of cervical cancer cases by 20-72%. Taking cervical cancer screening into account, this study showed that targeted HPV vaccination was cost-effective or even cost-saving. Conclusion: Implementation of HPV vaccination in sub-national level as the initial step before nationwide vaccination is more favorable to be implemented in countries with limited budget.
