ABSTRACT
From 2008 to 2011, seven distinct bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes (BTV-2, BTV-4, BTV-5, BTV-8, BTV-15, BTV-16 and BTV-24) have been identified to be circulating in diseased sheep and cattle in Israel. This paper describes the array of clinical manifestations caused by BTV in cattle in Israel. Each set of clinical manifestations has been categorised as a syndrome and six distinct clinical syndromes have been observed in dairy cattle: 'footrot-like syndrome', 'sore nose syndrome', 'subcutaneous emphysema syndrome', 'red/rough udder syndrome', 'bluetongue/epizootic haemorrhagic disease systemic syndrome' and 'maladjustment syndrome'.
Subject(s)
Bluetongue virus/classification , Bluetongue/pathology , Bluetongue/virology , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Cattle Diseases/virology , Animals , Cattle , Dairying , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Israel , Serotyping/veterinary , SyndromeABSTRACT
A syndrome in which white foci and granulopustular lesions appeared on the vaginal mucous membranes of Holstein cows in several dairy herds in Israel is described. During clinical and diagnostic investigations, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium was isolated from 11 of 20 clinical cases. Vaginal swabs taken from the same cows yielded three isolates of Mycoplasma canadense, which were all associated with the M bovigenitalium infection. Two isolates of small, round, non-enveloped viral particles were approximately 25 nm in diameter and characteristic of enteroviruses on negative-staining electron microscopy.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Mycoplasma/isolation & purification , Vulvovaginitis/veterinary , Aborted Fetus/microbiology , Aborted Fetus/pathology , Abortion, Veterinary , Animals , Biopsy , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/pathology , Dairying , Female , Israel/epidemiology , Mycoplasma/classification , Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology , Mycoplasma Infections/pathology , Vulvovaginitis/microbiology , Vulvovaginitis/pathologyABSTRACT
The ultimate goal of a vaccine is to protect vaccinated animals against re-exposure to the same pathogen and provide sterile immunity. However, a cutaneous clinical manifestation appeared, following re-exposure of cattle that had been vaccinated with the RM65 strain, to LSDV infection during an epidemic in 2006-2007. Four thousand six hundred and seven vaccinated cows entered the study after being re-exposed to LSDV infection. Of them, 513 (11%) presented lumps, and there was a marked difference between the proportions of dairy and feedlot animals that were affected: 146 out of 3517 and 367 out of 1090 (6.6 and 33.7%, respectively). This data suggests that the potency of the vaccine need to be re-assessed for beef cattle.
Subject(s)
Lumpy Skin Disease/prevention & control , Lumpy skin disease virus/immunology , Viral Vaccines/adverse effects , Animals , Cattle , Female , Genome, Viral , Israel , Lumpy Skin Disease/immunology , Lumpy Skin Disease/virology , Lumpy skin disease virus/genetics , Lumpy skin disease virus/isolation & purification , Male , Skin/immunology , Skin/virology , Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Bacteroidaceae Infections/veterinary , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Porphyromonas/isolation & purification , Vulvovaginitis/veterinary , Animals , Bacteroidaceae Infections/epidemiology , Bacteroidaceae Infections/microbiology , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Female , Israel/epidemiology , Necrosis , Pregnancy , Risk Factors , Vaginal Smears/veterinary , Vulvovaginitis/epidemiology , Vulvovaginitis/microbiologyABSTRACT
Bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis (BNVV) is characterized by the development of a necrotic vulvovaginal lesion, almost exclusively in post-parturient first-lactation cows, associated with Porphyromonas levii. The scope of this survey was to evaluate the impact of BNVV on herd productivity as a means to rationally evaluate the resources that should be allocated in dealing with the syndrome. During an outbreak of BNVV in a dairy herd, following the introduction of a large number of cows from another farm, the impact of the animals' origin (local or transferred) and BNVV (positive or negative) upon involuntary culling rate, milk yield and days between pregnancies were assessed. The results indicated that the number of days between pregnancies was significantly higher in first-lactation cows with BNVV but was not influenced by the other independent variables. None of the other variables included in this survey had any effect on the involuntary culling rate and milk yield.
Subject(s)
Bacteroidaceae Infections/veterinary , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Porphyromonas/isolation & purification , Vulvovaginitis/veterinary , Animals , Bacteroidaceae Infections/epidemiology , Bacteroidaceae Infections/microbiology , Cattle , Dairying , Female , Israel/epidemiology , Lactation , Milk/metabolism , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy , Vulvovaginitis/epidemiology , Vulvovaginitis/microbiologyABSTRACT
A semiquantitative evaluation of potential bacterial pathogens was correlated to the severity of lesions during an outbreak of bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis (BNVV) on an Israeli dairy herd. Bacteriologic examination of 287 vaginal swabs from 104 post-calving heifers showed a highly significant correlation between Porphyromonas levii colony forming unit numbers and the clinical scores of the lesions, when assessed by an ordinal regression statistical model. No such correlation was found for the other bacteria included in the study. Nineteen samples taken for virological examinations resulted negative for bovine herpes viruses 1, 2, 4 and 5. Thus the results of this study substantiate the essential role of P. levii in the etiology of BNVV and indicate that BHV4 is not required as a predisposing factor to the syndrome.
