ABSTRACT
Reconstructive breast surgery following total or partial mastectomy can be performed using autologous tissues or breast implants, and each has its own set of complications. Most women do not experience significant complications and are highly satisfied but breast reconstruction must consider potential complications from surgical techniques, as well as additional complications that may arise from oncological treatment modalities such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The aim of this article is to provide a systemic overview of possible complications that may arise in the course of reconstructive breast surgery. Complications associated with flap-based or implant-based breast reconstruction can be classified as: i) Complications inherent to surgery and common to all, including seroma, bleeding, and hematoma; skin necrosis; and infection, among others. ii) Complications specifically related to reconstruction, such as flap ischemia/necrosis/loss; fat necrosis; implant capsular contracture; implant failure, exposure, or malposition. In conclusion, this overview of possible complications is intended to improve the decision-making process when considering breast reconstruction.
Subject(s)
Breast Implantation/adverse effects , Breast Implants/adverse effects , Mammaplasty/adverse effects , Mastectomy , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Breast Implantation/instrumentation , Clinical Decision-Making , Female , Humans , Mammaplasty/instrumentation , Mastectomy/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Prosthesis Design , Quality of Life , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the second most common malignancy of the female genital tract, with approximately 7,400 new cases annually in Germany. With 5,500 deaths per year, ovarian cancer is the leading gynecologic cause of death. Epithelial ovarian cancer is characterized by morphologic heterogeneity with 4 molecular biological subtypes (immunoreactive-like, differentiated-like, proliferative-like, mesenchymal-like) with different prognosis. Significantly improved survival is achieved by optimal debulking with no residual disease (R0). Systematic lymphonodectomy of clinical negative lymph nodes has no effect on overall survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Interval debulking in advanced ovarian cancer after three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel is controversial. Standard chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer consists of six cycles of carboplatin AUC5 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2, in a three-week cycle. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is not a standard therapy. Anti-hormonal therapy with an aromatase inhibitor plays a minor role in therapy of both low grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) and high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). A major achievement in ovarian cancer therapy has been the results of the SOLO-1 trial, in which olaparib as a first line maintenance monotherapy resulted in an overall 70% lower risk of disease progression in patients with advanced Breast Cancer Gene (BRCA)-mutated ovarian cancer.
