Revelation without presentation: counterfeit study list yields robust revelation effect.

This study explores the revelation effect, a recognition memory phenomenon that occurs when test items (or related items) are specially processed before recognition judgment. These revealed items, whether targets or lures, receive a positive response bias. Although the effect occurs across various conditions, it has not been shown to occur when participants make judgments unrelated to episodic memory. We investigated whether the effect would occur when a recognition decision was nominally one of episodic memory, but when a complete episodic event had not occurred. Specifically, participants listened to noise that allegedly masked a list of words (in fact, no words existed). A revelation effect occurred with this pseudo-subliminal procedure, suggesting that the revelation effect need not rely on stimuli recalled through episodic memory but only a specific event to recall. The effect did not occur when participants simply guessed whether words were on an unheard list or made semantic judgments.

Development, implementation, and results of a successful multidisciplinary adverse drug reaction reporting program in a university teaching hospital.

The development and implementation of an active adverse drug reaction reporting program in a university teaching hospital is described. The progression from a solely voluntary system to a multidisciplinary program consisting of both voluntary and involuntary components is discussed. A total of 1,011 adverse reactions were reported between July 1, 1988 and July 22, 1992. The most common reaction reported was rash. Antibiotics were most commonly implicated in the reactions reported. As a single agent, digoxin was involved most frequently. Voluntary reporting by physicians, nurses, and pharmacists accounted for approximately 24% of the adverse reactions reported. Occurrence screening by the Quality Assurance department produced approximately 76% of the reports.