ABSTRACT
Combinatorial libraries of N-acylated 5-(S)-aminomethyloxazolidinone derivatives of S-oxide and S,S-dioxide tetrahydro-4(2H)-thiopyranyl and thiomorpholine phenyloxazolidinone series have been synthesized on a solid phase and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Several novel potent leads have been identified, including orally active oxazolidinones with enhanced activity against respiratory tract infection pathogens Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Haemophilus influenzae/drug effects , Moraxella catarrhalis/drug effects , Morpholines/chemistry , Oxazolidinones/pharmacokinetics , Oxides/chemistry , Oxygen Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Biological Availability , Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques , Haemophilus Infections/microbiology , Lipid Metabolism , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Moraxellaceae Infections/microbiology , Oxazolidinones/administration & dosage , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The oxazolidinones are promising agents for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. In ongoing studies we have discovered that a strategically placed chiral center of appropriate absolute configuration improves the antibacterial activity of indolinyl oxazolidinone analogues (gram-positive MIC's<0.5 microg/mL for the most potent congeners). The design, synthesis, antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic profile of a selected series of alpha-methylated indoline derivatives and a related set of tetrahydroquinolyl and dihydrobenzoxazinyl analogues are discussed.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Drug Design , Hydroquinones , Indoles , Oxazines , Oxazolidinones , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Hydroquinones/chemical synthesis , Hydroquinones/pharmacokinetics , Hydroquinones/pharmacology , Indoles/chemical synthesis , Indoles/pharmacokinetics , Indoles/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Oxazines/chemical synthesis , Oxazines/pharmacokinetics , Oxazines/pharmacology , Oxazolidinones/chemical synthesis , Oxazolidinones/pharmacokinetics , Oxazolidinones/pharmacology , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate an oral absorption prediction model, maximum absorbable dose (MAD), which predicts a theoretical dose of drug that could be absorbed across rat intestine based on consideration of intestinal permeability, solute solubility, intestinal volume, and residence time. METHODS: In the present study, Caco-2 cell permeability, as a surrogate for rat intestinal permeability, and aqueous solubility were measured for 27 oxazolidinones. The oxazolidinones are a novel class of potential antibacterial agents currently under investigation. These values were used to estimate MAD for each of the compounds. Finally, these predicted values were compared to previously measured bioavailability data in the rat in order to estimate oral absorption properties. RESULTS: A reasonably good correlation between predicted dose absorbed and bioavailability was observed for most of the compounds. In a few cases involving relatively insoluble compounds, absorption was underestimated. For these compounds while aqueous solubility was low. solubility in 5% polysorbate 80 was significantly higher, a solvent possibly more representative of the small intestinal lumen. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MAD may be useful for prioritizing early discovery candidates with respect to oral absorption potential. In the case of compounds with poor aqueous solubility, additional factors may have to be considered such as solubility in the intestinal lumen.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Absorption , Oxazolidinones/pharmacokinetics , Administration, Oral , Animals , Biological Availability , Biological Transport , Caco-2 Cells , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Models, Biological , Oxazolidinones/blood , Oxazolidinones/chemistry , Rats , Solubility , SolventsABSTRACT
A new and promising group of antibacterial agents, collectively known as the oxazolidinones and exemplified by linezolid (PNU-100766, marketed as Zyvox), have recently emerged as important new therapeutic agents for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Because of their significance, extensive synthetic investigations into the structure-activity relationships of the oxazolidinones have been conducted at Pharmacia. One facet of this research effort has focused on the identification of bioisosteric replacements for the usual oxazolidinone A-ring. In this paper we describe studies leading to the identification of antibacterial agents incorporating a novel isoxazoline A-ring surrogate. In a gratifying result, the initial isoxazoline analogue prepared was found to exhibit in vitro antibacterial activity approaching that of the corresponding oxazolidinone progenitor. The synthesis and antibacterial activity profile of a preliminary series of isoxazoline analogues incorporating either a C-C or N-C linkage between their B- and C-rings will be presented. Many of the analogues exhibited interesting levels of antibacterial activity. The piperazine derivative 54 displayed especially promising in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy comparable to the activity and efficacy of linezolid.
