ABSTRACT
Pseudomonas aeruginosa releases a wide array of toxins and tissue-degrading enzymes. Production of these malicious virulence factors is controlled by interbacterial communication in a process known as quorum sensing. An increasing body of evidence reveals that the bacterial signal molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OdDHL) exhibits both quorum-sensing signalling and immune-modulating properties. Recently, yet another quorum-sensing signal molecule, the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS), has been shown to affect cytokine release by mitogen-stimulated human T cells. In the present article we demonstrate that both OdDHL and PQS decrease the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) without altering their IL-10 release. Moreover, BM-DCs exposed to PQS and OdDHL during antigen stimulation exhibit a decreased ability to induce T-cell proliferation in vitro. Collectively, this suggests that OdDHL and PQS change the maturation pattern of stimulated DCs away from a proinflammatory T-helper type I directing response, thereby decreasing the antibacterial activity of the adaptive immune defence. OdDHL and PQS thus seem to possess dual activities in the infection process: as inducers of virulence factors as well as immune-modulators facilitating the infective properties of this pathogen.