[The luminescence of blood leukocytes, stained with the fluorochrome acridine orange, from surgical patients in the dynamics of emotional, anesthesiological and surgical stress]. / Liuminestsentsiia leikotsitov krovi, fliuorokhromirovannykh akridinovym oranzhevym, operirovannykh bol'nykh v dinamike émotsional'nogo, anesteziologicheskogo i khirurgicheskogo stressa.

Luminescence of blood leukocytes of surgical patients during treatment was studied using orange acridine. Luminescence intensity at 640 nm wave length (I640) was the most informative. It characterized amount of single-stranded nucleic acids, synthesized in cell due to previous activation of protein-synthesizing system and hence cell functional activity, while in lymphocytes these changes exceeded by duration and amplitude those in neutrophils. During premedication (emotional stress) I640 was minimal, during anesthetization it developed, and sharply raised during traumatic period of surgery and after it, as reflection of immune system participation in reparative regeneration.

[The immunocytopoietic signs of circulating human lymphocytes in pathological states]. / Immunotsitopoéticheskie priznaki tsirkuliruiushchikh kimfotsitov cheloveka pri patologicheskikh sostoianiiakh.

The dynamics of associative, size, and immediate rosette classes of circulating lymphocytes was studied in donors and patients with different pathogenesis of migration of activated lymphocytes. On the basis of the associated dynamics of lymphocyte classes in blood and pleural exudation as well as the correlation analysis two functional groups of lymphocytes were distinguished: a group of early proliferative activated lymphocytes and a group of temporarily intact lymphocytes circulating for a long time.

[Cytogenetic and cytomorphologic parallels of human lymphocytes]. / Tsitogeneticheskie i tsitomorfometricheskie paralleli limfotsitov cheloveka.

Association frequency of human acrocentric chromosomes is the function of the period of interphase of cells and the activity of their proliferation. This characteristic, therefore, can be used for the analysis of the dynamics of cellular populations. Variations in the classes of frequencies of lymphocytes with different associating centric chromosomes were compared with the frequency of different classes. The dynamics of the classes of lymphocytes without associations and with two associating acrocentrics correlated in force and direction with different classes with the diameter up to 0.5 mcm, the fact witnessing their functional unity. They make up a pool of newly-formed activated populations of lymphocytes, whose character of dynamics can be used for analysing proliferative and migrational activities of lymphocytes in the initial periods of immunogenesis in lymphoid organs. The increase in the number of associations in long-circulating lymphocytes was followed by an adequate increase in cellular sizes, the latter being the reflection of their following immunological functions. Changes in frequencies of associative and different classes in blood and pleural exudate of patients took place in accordance with the pathogenesis of a concrete illness as well as the character of the factors affecting the body.

[Chromosomal changes in patients with acute dysentery and their relation to immunologic shifts]. / Izmeneniia khromosom u bol'nykh ostroi dizenteriei i ikh sviaz' s immunologicheskimi sdvigami.

The correlation between the dynamics of the occurrence of the class of lymphocytes without chromosomal associations and with two associating acrocentric chromosomes (CL0 + 2) and the course of the disease, as well as the development of immunity in patients with acute dysentery, has been detected. The positive correlation between the occurrence of CL0 + 2 and cell-mediated immunity reactions presupposes the possibility of using this cytogenetic characteristic for evaluating the cell-mediated immunoreactivity of lymphocytes. No essential changes in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes have been found to occur at all periods of observation.

[Frequency of acrocentric chromosome associations in a long-term human lymphocyte culture]. / Chastota assotsiatsii akrotsentricheskikh khromosom v dlitel'noi kul'ture limfotsitov cheloveka.

The frequency of acrocentric chromosome associations (ACA) in the long-term culture of lymphocytes progressively decreases by 25% (on the average) for one mitotic cycle. As a result proliferous lymphocytes after 3-4 divisions contain either no associations or not more than 2 associating acrocentrics. The diversity of the peripheral blood lymphocytes as to the frequency of ACA in the first mitosis is connected with their different proliferative activity in the organism.

Pathogenetic and functional characterization of lymphocytes in influenza patients.

The kinetics of acrocentric chromosome associations and chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood and pleural exudate lymphocytes has been studied in 25 influenza patients and 7 exudative pleurisy patients. Lymphocytes without associations and with 2 associated acrocentric chromosomes were activated in the body, since their frequency appeared to be positively correlated with the immunoresponsiveness indices and with clinical symptoms. The number of these lymphocytes in pleural exudate was 2.5 times higher than in the peripheral blood. When comparing the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the patients' lymphocytes to the level of immunity, cytogenetic changes corresponded to the indices of cellular rather than humoral immunity.

[The quantity of associated acrocentric chromosomes in human lymphocytes passing through 1st, 2d and 3d mitoses in culture]. / Kolichestvo assotsiiruiushchikh akrotsentricheskikh khromosom v limfotsitakh cheloveka, prokhodiashchikh pervyi, vtoroi i tretii mitozy v kul'ture.

The reproductive ability of lymphocytes of peripheral blood with the usage of 5-bromine-deoxyuridine has been studied in 8 healthy children at the age of 5-6 years. Single second mitoses occurred in 48 hour cultures (6.5%), in 72 hour cultures the frequency of the first, second and third mitoses was equal, in 96 hour cultures the third mitoses dominated. Consequent divisions of lymphocytes were accompanied by a decrease in associative acrocentric chromosome, in average by 25%, within one mitotic cycle, while in mitoses of a given ordinal number the frequency of associations did not depend on the duration of cultivation. The fixation of the culture at the 48th hour of cultivation makes it possible to take into account the frequency of associations of acrocentric chromosomes without calculation of the ordinal number of mitosis because of an significant amount of second mitoses at this time, and of a sufficient value of the mitotic index (4.6 +/- 0.5%) necessary for cytogenetic analysis.

[Frequency of acrocentric chromosome associations in human blood lymphocytes when using different methods for its assessment]. / Chastota assotsiatsii akrotsentricheskikh khromosom v limfotsitakh krovi cheloveka pri raznykh sposobakh ee otsenki.

The indeces of frequency of associations of acrocentric chromosomes in lymphocytes of human peripheral blood were compared with the help of different criteria of their estimation: by argentofile connections and by specific location of acrocentrics in metaphase plate. It was shown by the methods of variation statistics that the specificity of orientation of associative acrocentric chromosomes towards each other by short arms to the distance equal to the length of G-chromosome long arm is not accidental. Therefore, the method elaborated on the basis of the estimation criteria reflects participation of acrocentric chromosomes association in the formation of general nucleus in interphase more completely than the Ag-method, as preservation of Ag-material depends on the extent of its resorbtion in mitosis.

[Statistical patterns of the formation of acrocentric chromosome associations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes]. / Statisticheskie zakonomernosti obrazovaniia assotsiatsii akrotsentricheskikh khromosom v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi cheloveka.

The level of the association index of acrocentric chromosomes in lymphocyte population of peripheral blood depends on a frequency of lymphocyte classes with different numbers of associating of chromosomes and is not related to argentophily of their nucleolus formating regions. The latter character influences the frequency of entry of separate acrocentric chromosomes in appearing associations.

[Cytogenetic and immunological changes in the peripheral blood of measles patients in the dynamics of the infectious process]. / Tsitogeneticheskie i immunologicheskie izmeneniia v perifericheskoi krovi u bol'nykh kor'iu v dinamike infektsionnogo protsessa.

During the acute period of disease (2-5 days after infection) and later (one month after infection) the associative index of acrocentric chromosomes in T-lymphocytes was higher than in norm, whereas two weeks after infection it did not differ from that in norm. A correlation was found between the quantity of lymphocytes, having a certain number of associated acrocentric chromosomes, the quantity of sensibilized chromosomes, and the number of antibodies. Chromosome alterations in the lymphocytes of reconvalescents were recorded more often than at the start of the illness.

[Chromosome changes in the blood lymphocytes compared to the strength of the immunity in parotitis virus infection and vaccination]. / Izmeneniia khromosom v limfotsitakh krovi v sravnenii s intensivnost'iu immuniteta pri infektsii i vaktsinatsii virusom parotita.

Alterations of chromosomes in T-lymphocytes of peripheral blood reflected their participation in immune reactions. The associative index of acrocentric chromosomes in T-lymphocytes depended on their proliferative and migratory activity in the organism. The degree of cytogenetic and serological alterations in patients with parotitis was higher than in those having a contact and vaccinated children.

[Cytogenetic and immunological methods of evaluating the infectious and vaccinal processes in exposure to the mumps virus]. / Otsenka tsitogeneticheskimi i immunologicheskimi metodami infektsionnogo i vaktsinal'nogo protsessov pri vozdeistvii virusa parotita.

Chromosomal changes in T-lymphocytes of the peripheral blood reflect their participation in immune responses. In particular, the level of the associative index of acrocentric chromosomes (AIAC) depends upon their proliferative activity in response to antigens and migration in the host. The degree of cytogenetic and serological changes in patients with mumps was higher than in children of the other groups examined. A relationship was found between the level of AIAC in T-lymphocytes and a rise in the antihemagglutinin titres at the expense of changes in the portion of T-lymphocytes with 0 and 2 chromosomes in associations, some of them being activated with mumps virus antigens. The correlation between AIAC and the lymphocyte blast-transformation reaction to phytohemagglutinins was variable in different groups of children and absent between AIAC and the amount of serum immunologlobulins. In combination with other immunological methods AIAC in T-lymphocytes of the blood may be used for characterization of the immune response.

[Frequency of acrocentric chromosomal associations and their silver staining in human lymphocytes in immune reactions]. / Chastota assotsiatsii akrotsentricheskikh khromosom i ikh okrashivanie serebrom v limfotsitakh krovi cheloveka pri immunnykh reaktsiiakh.

Ag-staining of the nucleolar organizer regions of acrocentric chromosomes of T-lymphocytes did not change during the immune response in children with porotitis and in those being in contact with parotitis-suffering children, as well as in young adults previously immunized by staphylococcal anatoxin. This character displayed individual peculiarities. No differences in these age groups were detected. A positive correlation was found between the size of Ag-band and the ability of chromosomes to make associations. Ag-staining and participation of G-chromosomes in associations was higher than those markers in D-chromosomes.

[Safety, antigenic activity, and epidemiologic effectiveness of live mumps vaccine from strain Leningrad-3. I. Reactogenic, allergenic and mutagenic properties of the vaccine and its effect on the body's resistance to intercurrent diseases]. / Bezvrednost', antigennaia aktivnost' i épidemiologicheskaia éffektivnost' zhivoi parotitnoi vaktsiny iz shtamma Leningrad-3. Soobshchenie I. Reaktogennye, allergennye i mutagennye svoistva vaktsiny i ee vliianie na rezistentnost' organizma k interkurrentnym zabolevaniiam.

The influence of 3 batches of live parotitis vaccine from strain L-3 on the organism of 2,536 vaccinated children of preschool and junior school age was studied. The injection of this preparation was shown to induce weak and moderate systemic reactions on the average in 0.8% of the children and local hyperemia of the skin in 7.8% of the children during the first 2-4 days. No severe reactions and complications were observed. Parotitis vaccine induced the weak specific and nonspecific allergic transformation of the organism, did not significantly increase the frequency of aberrant metaphases in the lymphocyte culture, did not essentially influence the frequency of intercurrent diseases at the proximate (21 days) and remote (1 year) periods after immunization, did not suppress the intensity of postvaccinal immunity to pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. Though various batches of the vaccine showed no sharp differences in their influence on the organism, nevertheless postvaccinal reactions were found to be more frequent, and intercurrent diseases occurred more rarely in the children immunized with the batch containing 20,000 HADU50.

[Cytogenetic changes in the peripheral lymphocytes and immunity of typhoid fever patients and in chronic bacterial carriers]. / Tsitogeneticheskie izmeneniia v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi i immunitet u bol'nykh briushnym tifom i u khronicheskikh bakterionositelei.

A study of the frequency of acrocentric chromosomes associations and chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes together with the immunologic indices permits a separate estimation of functional activity for the T- and B-lymphoid systems in patients with abdominal typhoid and in carriers.