Search for Dark Photons with Superconducting Radio Frequency Cavities.

We conduct the first "light-shining-through-wall" (LSW) search for dark photons using two state-of-the-art high-quality-factor superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities -Dark SRF-and report the results of its pathfinder run. Our new experimental setup enables improvements in sensitivity over previous searches and covers new dark photon parameter space. We design delicate calibration and measurement protocols to utilize the high-Q setup at Dark SRF. Using cavities operating at 1.3 GHz, we establish a new exclusion limit for kinetic mixing as small as ε=1.6×10^{-9} and provide the world's best constraints on dark photons in the 2.1×10^{-7}-5.7×10^{-6} eV mass range. Our result is the first proof of concept for the enabling role of SRF cavities in LSW setups, with ample opportunities for further improvements. In addition, our data set a competitive lab-based limit on the standard model photon mass by searching for longitudinal photon polarization.

[Retrospective analysis of the incidence rate of the population in the Republic of Tatarstan with diseases of the endocrine system].

Diseases of the endocrine system are an urgent medical and social problem in connection with their widespread prevalence and negative growth trend throughout the world; they often accompany other chronic diseases and can lead to disability. Aim: to study the trends in the structure and characteristics of the morbidity of the population in the Republic of Tatarstan with diseases of the endocrine system. The study was based on the materials of the official statistics in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period 2014-2019, the methods of descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were used. The indicators of the primary morbidity and prevalence of the endocrine system diseases among various age groups in the Republic of Tatarstan were studied. The retrospective analysis of the incidence of the endocrine system diseases in the population in the Republic of Tatarstan indicates the formation of stable negative trends in the growth of the prevalence of thyroid diseases, diabetes and obesity among all the groups under study. There is an increase in the primary incidence and prevalence of thyroid diseases among children (growth rate in 2019 compared to 2014 of 198.6 and 50.1% respectively) and adolescents (growth rate of 244.9% and 114.3% respectively), as well as an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in these groups (growth rate of 500% and 269,2% respectively); an increase in both the primary incidence (growth rate of 200%) and the prevalence of hypothyroidism among children (growth rate of 183.5%), an increase in the prevalence of thyroiditis among adults (growth rate of 24.3%).The rate of increase in the primary incidence of obesity, over 6 years of observation, among children was 74.7%, among adolescents - 171.1%; among the adult population - 21.2%. To reverse negative trends in morbidity, we believe it is necessary to strengthen preventive work among all age groups to form healthy eating habits, maintain a normal body weight, take legislative decisions on mass prevention of iodine deficiency in endemic regions, as well as conduct some research aimed at assessing the impact of risk factors caused by the impact of endocrine disruptors on the health of the population of the Republic.

[Incidence of peptic ulcers accompanied by gastrointestinal bleeding after surgery for critical lower limb ischemia]. / Vstrechaemost' erozivno-yazvennykh porazhenii zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta i krovotechenii u bol'nykh, operirovannykh na arteriyakh nizhnikh konechnostei po povodu kriticheskoi ishemii.

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of peptic ulcers accompanied by gastrointestinal bleeding after surgery for critical lower limb ischemia and their relationship with the factors predisposing to mucous membrane damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 94 patients with critical lower limb ischemia who were eligible for open bypass surgery. All patients underwent preoperative gastro- and duodenoscopy. The patients were followed up for 1 year, while the relationship between the nature of the lesion of the proximal gastrointestinal tract mucosa and the duration of pain syndrome against the background of ischemia, painkiller consumption and redo surgery. RESULTS: All study participants had lesions of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum: inflammatory changes were identified in 92.6% of patients, ulcerative defects in 7.4%. When conducting a correlation analysis, we obtained a weak and moderate strength of the relationship between the duration of rest pain and severity of mucous membrane lesion and strong correlation between painkiller consumption and endoscopic data. Postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding was more common after redo reconstructive surgery or amputation compared to one intervention (7.7% and 1.8%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Various lesions of gastrointestinal mucous membrane are diagnosed in all patients with critical lower limb ischemia. It is associated with the underlying disease and painkiller consumption. Risk of bleeding is higher after redo surgery and amputations. Prevention of lesions requires comprehensive examination of patients and individual approach.

[Aneurysms of arteries forming the minor arc of Riolan with occlusion of the celiac trunk]. / Anevrizmy arterii, obrazuiushchikh maluiu dugu Riolana, s okkliuziei chrevnogo stvola.

Analysed in the article is a clinical case report regarding a female patient suffering from chronic abdominal pain and undergoing treatment for a disease with the respective clinical pattern. The initially determined cause of pain turned out either erroneous or was not the only correct one. During examination based on the physical findings she was suspected as having chronic abdominal ischaemia syndrome. Imaging techniques made it possible to verify and confirm the presence of severe concomitant pathology of the visceral branches of the abdominal aorta: multiple aneurysms of visceral arteries and occlusion of the celiac trunk. We present the protocol of the operative intervention, also demonstrating the outcomes of surgical treatment, postoperative follow up, and control examination. This is followed by description of the remaining aneurysms and the results of repeat treatment.

Intrinsic quality factor extraction of multi-port cavity with arbitrary coupling.

We derived S-parameter based expressions for the intrinsic quality factor of an arbitrary coupled multiport microwave cavity and a non-ideal test fixture. Practical accuracy limitations of the obtained expressions specifically for superconducting accelerator cavities were evaluated both analytically and with the simulation software. The resulting formulas can be used to extract the intrinsic quality factor of normal-conducting and superconducting cavities directly from the calibrated S-parameter measurements.

Neuroprotective Potential of Peptides HFRWPGP (ACTH6-9PGP), KKRRPGP, and PyrRP in Cultured Cortical Neurons at Glutamate Excitotoxicity.

Glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity, which accompanies brain ischemia or traumatic brain injury, is the leading mechanism of neuronal death. In the present work, we studied the effects of the peptides HFRWPGP (ACTH6-9PGP), KKRRPG, and PyrRP on the survival of cultured cortical neurons on the background of excitotoxic effect of Glu (100 µM). Biochemical (MTT/WST) and morphometric analyzes showed that, depending on the dose, ACTH6-9PGP and KKRRPGP protect neurons from the cells death, while PyrRP, conversely, enhances it. The neuroprotective effect of ACTH6-9PGP is accompanied by a slowdown in the development of delayed calcium dysregulation and synchronous mitochondrial depolarization. Among the studied peptides, only ACTH6-9PGP significantly increased the number of neurons that restored Ca2+ homeostasis after Glu was abolished. The influence of KKRRPGP was less pronounced, whereas PyrRP, on the contrary, reduced the number of neurons with low [Ca2+]i. Thus, this study revealed the high therapeutic significance of ACTH6-9PGP and allowed assessing the prospects for its possible clinical use.

[Results of treatment with oral anticoagulants in patients with lower limb deep vein thrombosis]. / Rezul'taty lecheniia peroral'nymi antikoaguliantami patsientov s trombozami glubokikh ven nizhnikh konechnostei.

Analysed herein is the incidence rate of decompensated forms of venous insufficiency in patients who endured lower limb deep vein thrombosis and were prescribed either warfarin, rivaroxaban in therapeutic doses or rivaroxaban in a preventive dose. The study enrolled a total of 129 patients presenting with thrombotic lesions of deep veins of the lower limbs. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the anticoagulant therapy prescribed. Patients of the first and second groups for 6 months received warfarin and rivaroxaban, respectively, in therapeutic doses, and group three patients continued taking rivaroxaban in a therapeutic dose for a long time. RESULTS: Eighteen (36%) patients from the first group and two (4.5%) patients from the second group discontinued taking the anticoagulant before the scheduled date. Relapses of venous thromboembolic complications were observed in 11 (22%) group one patients and in 7 (15.9%) group two patients, with no relapses observed in the third group. Negative dynamics of the ultrasonographic picture was observed in two groups: 16% of group one patients and 9.1% of group two patients were found to develop signs of damage of previously unaltered veins or occlusion of a previously patent vein after endured thrombosis without clinical manifestation. Trophic disorders were observed in a third of patients of the first group and in one patient of the second group by the fourth year of follow up. None of the third group patients developed trophic ulcers. Statistically significant differences in the examined groups were obtained for such parameters as adherence to treatment and the degree of severity of venous insufficiency, in favour of rivaroxaban, with quality of recanalization being significantly better in the third group. A conclusion was drawn that prolonged preventive administration of new oral anticoagulants did not lead to the development of decompensated forms of venous insufficiency.

Revision of existing classification of fossil insect feeding traces and description of new ichnotaxa from Middle Jurassic sediments of Eastern Siberia (Russia).

This paper revises the existing system of formal classification by Vialov and Vasilenko for fossil plants involving insect feeding and oviposition. The classification of these fossil traces has been amended and supplemented in accordance with the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The following nomenclatural combinations are made: Insectophagichnata (Vialov) Enushchenko and Frolov, comb. et stat. (classis) nov., Phagolignichnidina (Vialov) Enushchenko and Frolov, comb. et stat. (subordo) nov., Phagophytichnidina (Vialov) Enushchenko and Frolov, comb. et stat. (subordo) nov. Fossil traces of these interactions were found and illustrated for Mesozoic insects and leafes of Ginkgo tapkensis from Middle Jurassic sediments of the Irkutsk Coal Basin in Eastern Siberia, Russia. The examined traces consist of ovipositions (traces of insect egg laying), galls (traces of insect caused teratologies) and epidermal punctures (traces of piercing and sucking). The following ichnotaxa are described and illustrated: Paleoovidinae Enushchenko and А. Frolov, ichnosubfam. nov., Paleoexoovoidinae Enushchenko and Frolov, ichnosubfam. nov., Sugophytichninae Enushchenko and А. Frolov, ichnosubfam. nov., Sugophytichnida pertusura Enushchenko and Frolov, ichnogen. et ichnospec. nov., Paleoovidus vasilenkoi Enushchenko and А. Frolov, ichnospec. nov., Paleoexoovoida ovoidea Enushchenko and А. Frolov, ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., Paleogallus vialovi Enushchenko and Frolov, ichnospec. nov. Punctures of the leaf epidermis probably belong Mesozoic cicadas of the Palaeontini, which dominate the adjacent strata of the studied location. The extremely low occurrence of interaction between insects and plants in these Jurassic deposits of Eastern Siberia have ichnotaxonomic importance for understanding the functioning of Jurassic terrestrial paleoecosystems.

[Prevalence of thrombophilic conditions and genetic carrier status in neuroischaemic form of diabetic foot]. / Rasprostranennost' trombofilicheskikh sostoianii i nositel'stva genov pri neiroishemicheskoi forme diabeticheskoi stopy.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus a commonly encountered pathology in the whole world and has a tendency towards steady growth of morbidity and development of vascular complications. The presence of haemostatic disorders and genetic susceptibility to thrombosis in patients with diabetes mellitus increases the risk for the development of thrombotic complications. AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence rate of thrombophilic conditions (TC) and thrombosis-associated gene carrier status (TAGCS) in patients suffering from neuroischaemic form of diabetic foot. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study enrolled a total of 38 patients undergoing treatment at the Department of Vascular Surgery for critical ischaemia of lower limbs combined with diabetes mellitus during the period from 2016 to 2018. There were 29 (76.3%) men and 9 (23.7%) women. The mean age amounted to 58.9±7.3 years. The diagnosis of TC and TAGCS was made based on the study for the presence of the markers of antiphospholipid syndrome, level of homocysteine and antithrombin III, proteins C and S, as well as comprehensive genetic study in order to reveal gene polymorphisms (prothrombin, Leiden mutation, MTHFR gene, MTR gene and others). Based on the obtained findings we calculated the incidence rate of TC and TAGCS, as well as their combinations in the examined patients. RESULTS: In the studied group of patients we revealed various incidence of TC and TAGCS, and, most importantly, that of a combination of these conditions. All cases of thrombophilias were combined with TAGCS. Hyperhomocysteinemia was most commonly combined with the MTRR 66 A>G gene mutation, the presence of lupus anticoagulant - with PAI-1 675 5G>4G, whereas thrombophilic conditions - with MTRR 66 A>G and PAI-I - 675 5G>4G. Two patients were found to be carriers of the factor V Leiden mutation. CONCLUSION: The examined patients were diagnosed as having TC or TAGCS, as well as their combinations in one form or another, thus increasing the risk for the development of thromboses and embolisms in such patients.

[Treatment of Patients with Stable Manifestations of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: New Possibilities (Conclusion of the Council of Experts from November 16, 2018, Rostov-on-Don)].

In the conclusion of the council of experts (list of participants see text) the following issues are discussed: regional specifics of diagnostics and therapy of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and / or peripheral arterial disease (PAD), methods of risk assessment in patients with stable course of atherosclerotic disease, pathogenetic validity of simultaneous inhibition of coagulation and platelet thrombus formation, as well as clinical significance of a novel therapeutic approach - combined use of rivaroxaban and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Possible problems and ways to their solution at implementation in clinical practice of the novel scheme of antithrombotic therapy are presented. Importance of multidisciplinary approach to management of patients with IHD and concomitant diseases is stressed. Experts have noted that after registration of the corresponding indication therapy with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily and ASA 75-100 mg once daily might be recommended to majority of patients with atherosclerotic involvement of blood vessels. In real clinical practice prescription of this therapy is appropriate first of all in patients with IHD and high risk of complications - with multifocal atherosclerosis, with history of myocardial infarction after stoppage of dual antiplatelet therapy, - patients with concomitant diabetes, heart failure, and other prognosis worsening comorbid diseases. Experts express hope that in the nearest time combined antithrombotic therapy will be included into corresponding national clinical recommendations.

[Contemporary data on efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in recanalization of deep veins]. / Sovremennye dannye ob éffektivnosti antikoaguliantnoi terapii pri rekanalizatsii glubokikh ven.

The article is a literature review containing a detailed description of anticoagulant therapy variants, their efficacy in recanalization of deep veins, as well as patients' compliance to treatment. Russian specialists have demonstrated that the processes of active re-organization of thrombotic masses, in some cases leading to complete clearing of the vessel's lumen from a thrombus, may be observed at terms from 3 to 6 months, with a failure to occur within the above period reportedly followed by formation of irreversible cicatricial-sclerotic alterations in the veins. That is why adequate anticoagulant therapy should be initiated promptly in order to prevent the development of irreversible alterations and a decompensated form of chronic venous insufficiency. The process of recanalization of the venous segments involved appears to primarily depend on efficacy of anticoagulant therapy. Of special attention is a class of novel oral anticoagulants characterised by high clinical efficacy, prolonged and relatively safe administration, as well as thrombolytic activity. The use of anticoagulant therapy, as well as adherence of patients to treatment make it possible to significantly decrease the frequency of a decompensated form of venous insufficiency and the need for reconstruction of the major veins.

Collagen Hydrolysis Products Reduce the Formation of Stress-Induced Ulcers by Regulating Stress-Associated Activation of the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems.

We studied the effect of collagen fragments (PGP and AcPGP) on serum content of epinephrine, corticosterone, and IL-1ß in rats subjected to water-immersion stress. The degree of local inflammation accompanying ulceration was assessed by IL-1ß production by ln. gastricus caudalis cells. In 1 h, the sharp increase in hormone concentrations in the blood of stressed animals reflected the high stress intensity. Intranasal administration of PGP reduced the area of stress-induced ulcers by 63%, prevented the increase in the levels of stress hormones and the main proinflammatory cytokine in rat blood. The concentrations of IL-1ß in cell culture from regional lymph node of experimental animals returned to normal in 24 and 48 h after the stress. Acetylation of PGP prevents with gastroprotection, but does not abrogate other properties of the peptide.

[Pathogenesis and prevention of venous and arterial thromboembolic events in patients after deep vein thrombosis of lower extremities]. / Patogenez i profilaktika venoznykh i arterial'nykh tromboémbolii u bol'nykh, perenesshikh tromboz glubokikh ven nizhnikh konechnostei.

AIM: To define the role of thrombophilic and other procoagulant conditions in pathogenesis of deep vein thrombosis and the effectiveness of pathogenetic secondary prevention of venous and arterial thromboembolic events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 107 patients for the period 2007-2016 who were divided into 3 groups. The main group (n=40) - lifelong individual antithrombotic therapy with warfarin predominantly; the second (control) group (n=39) - warfarin administration for 3-6 months; the third (additional) group (n=28) - specific life-long therapy depending on procoagulant status which was assessed according to original scale. The main anticoagulants were rivoroxaban or dabigatran etexilate. Recurrent venous thromboembolic complications (RVTE) were observed in one (2.5%) patient of the first group and in 8 (20.5%) cases of the second group. In the third group RVTE were absent (significant differences, p<0.03 and 0.001, respectively). Arterial thromboembolic diseases were noted in 1 (2.5%) patient of the first group, in 4 (10.25%) cases of the second group and in none of the third group (significantly only for group II vs. group III, p<0.01). RESULTS: Individual antithrombotic therapy reduces the incidence of recurrent venous and arterial thromboembolic events in patients with idiopathic deep vein thrombosis.

[Pathogenesis and prevention of secondary thromboses and thromboembolic complications in patients with endured lower limb deep vein thrombosis].

The study was aimed at revealing the role of thrombophilic states in the pathogenesis of deep vein thrombosis and determining efficacy of pathogenetic prevention of venous thromboembolic complications. The study included a total of 84 patients presenting with lower limb deep vein thrombosis. The patients were subdivided into two groups. The patients of the Study Group (n=44) were examined for thrombophilic states, revealing of which was followed by prescribing specific lifelong therapy aimed at correction of the alterations revealed. The Control Group patients (n=40) received a carefully selected therapeutic dose of warfarin (until the value of the International Normalized Ratio was within the therapeutic range from 2 to 3) and were given recommendations on taking this agent for 6 months followed by discontinuation. The Study Group patients demonstrated less relapses of deep vein thromboses as compared with the Control Group patients. The symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency in the Study Group were also less pronounced. These results are in accord with the findings of ultrasonographic duplex scanning in the remote period after endured thrombosis. A conclusion was drawn on the necessity of carrying out further studies aimed at altering the recommended therapeutic regimen for patients in the remote period after sustained deep vein thrombosis.

Characteristics of Lung Injury in Rats after Inhalation of Ultradisperse Bacterial LPS in Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Phases.

We compared cellular and tissue reactions of the lungs in Wistar rats after inhalation of LPS from E. coli 0128: B12 in the form of ultradispersion in water-salt phase and lipid phase. The estimated dose of the toxin was 200 mg/kg in both series. The content of LPS and TNF-α in lung homogenates, bronchoalveolar fluid, and blood serum was determined 3, 8, and 24 h after inhalation, morphological changes in the lungs were analyzed. Inhalation of LPS in the lipid phase was accompanied by its less intensive accumulation in the lung tissue and bloodstream, and more pronounced accumulation in the bronchoalveolar fluid as well as less intense release of TNF-α in comparison with the effects of LPS in water-salt phase. Macrophage reaction, leukocyte infiltration of the interalveolar septa, and reduction of α-antitrypsin in the lung tissue was more pronounced in series with inhalation with LPS ultradispersions in water-salt phase and lipid phase, and damage to the alveolar epithelium, in the series with the inhalation of the lipid phase.

[Non-invasive assessment of coronary blood flow in veterans of the Ministry of Defence with ischemic heart disease and age-dependent androgen deficiency].

It was examined 51 pensioners of Ministry of Defence with coronary heart disease (average age 55 [52, 59] years). In 20 patients it was verified age-related androgen deficiency, in 31 patients the level of testosterone was within normal limits. The evaluation of coronary circulation was made on single-photon emission tomography with determination of myocardial perfusion in a rest and after pharmacological loading, bicycle exercise test, holter-monitoring of ECG. It was found in 39% cases in patients with coronary heart disease the androgen deficiency in pensioners of Ministry of Defence, that is exceeded the level of common population. Ishaemic changes were found on exercise test in patients with androgen deficiency more often in comparison with patients with normal testosterone level. During myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with adenosine triphosphate there were no differences among group in area of induced coronary heart insufficiency. It was found the negative correlation between the level of testosterone and the duration of ischaemic ST-depression, and positive correlation between testosterone level and tolerance to physical activity.

[Assessing the prognostic significance of morphometric parameters of vascular wall inflammation for remote results of reconstructive operations in the aortoiliac zone in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans].

The study was aimed at assessing the relationship between the activity (including the inflammatory one) of the atherosclerotic process in the zone ofarterial reconstruction in patients under-going surgery on the aortoiliac arterial segment and long-term thrombotic reocclusions. The study comprised a total offorty-nine patients, with the postoperative follow-up period amounting to 5 years. We carried out morphological studies of the aortic wall in the zone of the proximal anastomosis and the walls of the common femoral arteries in the zone of distal anastomoses. It was determined that the presence of morphometric sign of inflammation and atherosclerotic deformity in the preparations of the aortic and arterial walls was accompanied and followed by increased incidence of long-term thrombotic complications in the reconstruction zone with more pronounced progression of the thrombotic process in the arteries of the peripheral bed distal to the reconstruction site.

Effects of intranasal administration of epitalon on neuron activity in the rat neocortex.

This report discusses the properties of the synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly), synthesized on the basis of an epiphyseal peptide extract. Intranasal administration of epitalon was selected as a noninvasive means of applying the agent to the CNS by bypassing the blood-brain barrier. The aim of the present work was to assess the characteristics of the action of epitalon on the frequency of spontaneous neuron activity in the cerebral cortex of white rats. Studies were performed using male Wistar rats anesthetized with urethane (1 g/kg). Extracellular activity of cortical neurons was recorded with a glass microelectrode of resistance 1-2 MOmega. Recording of spontaneous neuron discharges for 10-15 min was followed by intranasal administration of epitalon solution and recording of neuron activity to 30 min after doses of 30 ng per animal. Significant activation of neuron activity was seen several minutes after dosage, with an increase (by factors of 2-2.5) in discharge frequency. In some experiments, the effect of epitalon was multiphasic. The first peak of increased neuron discharge frequency at 5-7 min was followed by peaks at 11-12 and 17-18 min. The increase in discharge frequency occurred because of an increase in the discharge frequency of neurons which were already active and the recruitment of previously silent neurons. At least the first peak of increased neuron activity following exposure to epitalon was found to be associated with the direct action of the peptide on cortical cells.

[Use of indicators for comprehensive assessment of life quality].

The paper presents a procedure for quantitative sociomedical and hygienic assessment of the quality of life. Several combinations of factors that have the greatest influence on the quality of life and human health: medicodemographic indices; the prevalence and incidence rates of all classes of diseases in different age population groups; health care quality; socioeconomic conditions; natural, climatic, and sanitary conditions; quality of the population's nutrition; sociological assessment of living conditions. Based on the performed study, the indicators were estimated by each combination of factors. The quantitative determination of the integrated index of life quality may be used to assess the socioeconomic position, the health status of the population in some administrative districts and regions over time.