[Treatment of recurrent retroperitoneal myxolipoma]. / Opyt lecheniya retsidiviruyushchei zabryushinnoi miksolipomy.

The problem of retroperitoneal neoplasm management is still relevant despite certain achievements in diagnosis, anesthetic care and surgical techniques. These patients often admit to specialized hospitals with a widespread malignant process and/or complications due to no specific symptoms. Resection is preferred for malignant inorganic retroperitoneal tumors. A feature of these neoplasms is frequent local relapses, which seriously limit the possibility of redo surgery. The authors report successful surgical treatment of recurrent malignant inorganic retroperitoneal myxolipoma with giant baseline dimensions.

[Lieutaud's triangle lesion and urodynamic disorders in bladder cancer according to magnetic resonance imaging data].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in revealing bladder tumor in relation to its sizes and location and in diagnosing concomitant urodynamic disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 93 patients (78 men and 15 women; mean age, 62.1 ± 12.2 years) with bladder cancer were examined. Examinations were made using 1.5 T MRI according to an extended protocol with a mandatory inclusion of diffusion-weighted images; dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was carried out in 86 patients. RESULTS: There were single nodules in 48.7% of the patients and multiple bladder wall lesions in 51.3%. Bladder wall injury involving the functional area of Lieutaud's triangle was revealed in 67.5% of the patients. Single and multiple tumors in Lieutaud' triangle were observed in 58.9 and 80.5% of cases. Ureteral orifice involvement led to secondary ureterectasia in 68.2%. CONCLUSION: As the number of tumors detected in the bladder increases, the risk of tumors in Lieutaud's triangle injury rises. The involvement of the triangle into the pathological process is accompanied by impaired urodynamics as uretere- ctasia in every four cases (26.8%; p < 0.008). It is shown that dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI must necessarily be performed to better visualize a tumor and to determine its relationships to the underlying wall and basic structures of the bladder.

[Ultrasound semiotics in recurrent ovarian cancer after optimal cytoreductive surgery].

Features of ultrasound picture of morphologically verified recurrence of ovarian cancer in 21 patients are presented, who received combined treatment including cytoreductive surgery in the form of hysterectomy with oophorectomy, resection of the greater omentum and 6 courses of chemotherapy CAP for ovarian cancer stage III (FIGO). In all patients cytoreductive surgery was optimal--without residual tumor. Recurrence of the disease was detected in 12-48 months in 80.9% of the cases. Three variants of recurrence was revealed by ultrasonography: isolated peritoneal dissemination, in 14.2% of the cases, which was mainly detected during the first 12 months; single entities in the projection of the small pelvis (61.9%) and mixed form (local lesions of small pelvis and peritoneal dissemination) in 23.8% of the cases.

[Different types of 199Tl chloride scintigraphic visualization of malignant tumors of the locomotor apparatus].

BACKGROUND: 201Tl chloride scintigraphy allows malignant tumors of the locomotor apparatus to be diagnosed. The capacities of scintigraphy with 199Tl chloride, a 201Tl chloride analog, in addition to routine visualization of malignant tumors of the locomotor apparatus, have revealed its untypical variants. OBJECTIVE: to study the specific features of 199Tl chloride scintigraphic visualization of malignant tumor processes in the locomotor apparatus. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 199Tl chloride scintigraphy was performed in 85 patients having 107 foci of involvement presented with malignant (n = 57) and benign (n = 50) tumor processes. RESULTS: Malignant tumors were scintigraphically visualized in 98.1% of cases. Three types of their visualization were identified and studied; these included positive (82.4%) and rare: negative (7.8%), and mixed (9.8%) types associated with the specific features of the histological structure, metabolism, and blood supply of neoplasms and with the pharmacodynamic features of 199Tl chloride. The negative and mixed types, unlike metastatic neoplasms, were highly specific to primary or recurrent malignant tumors. CONCLUSION: Consideration of the negative and mixed types of scintigraphic visualization in addition to routine positive one permitted the sensitivity of diagnosis of malignant locomotor tumors to be increased from 90.4 to 98.1%, without reducing the specificity of 199Tl chloride scintigraphy.

[Specific features of mammographic visualization of "small" breast tumors developing on the background of fibrocystic disease].

All complications diagnosed at early stages of breast cancer were associated with small tumors, especially with those arising in the aftermath of fibrocystic disease. Hence, our task was to study the XR-semiotics of lesions of less than 15 mm in diameter and of the same origin. 100 mammograms of breast cancer patients with benign disease of the breast were studied. The presence of moderate-to-severe fibrocystic disease significantly affected the visualization of lesions of less than 10 mm in diameter. Since the XR-semiotics of small tumors failed to reveal malignancy features, all lesions visualized by mammography required additional diagnostic procedures using ultrasound and invasive radiology.

[Evaluation of ultrasonography effectiveness in prostate cancer detection].

The database of examining 624 patients aged 49-85 were analyzed to define the diagnostic effectiveness of gray-scale, color and power Doppler transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Among them there are 473 (75.8%) cancer patients and 151 (24.2%) benign prostate diseases patients. All the patients underwent a transrectal ultrasound examination with multifocal biopsy. The gray-scale, color and power Doppler transrectal ultrasound examination has the diagnostic accuracy of 75,3%. At this the effectiveness of the method increases with the Gleason sum growing.

[Transthoracic puncture in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer (methods, techniques)]. / Transtorakal'naia punktsiia v diagnostiki perifericheskogo raka legkogo (metodika, tekhnika vypolneniia).

The paper discusses how to perform transthoracic puncture of peripheral lung tumors of various sizes by using different controlling techniques (X-ray television and computed tomography). It also analyzes whether an adapter can be used to reduce the incidence of a puncture-induced complication, such as traumatic pneumothorax.

[Role of transthoracic fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer]. / Rol' transtorakal'noi punktsii v diagnostike perifericheskogo raka lëgkogo.

The efficacy of transthoracic fine-needle aspiration guided by roentgenotelevision (86 cases) and computed tomography (106 cases) for peripheral lung cancer was studied. Special needles Nos. 18-20G (dia. 1-1.2 mm) and Nos. 22-25G (dia. 0.5-0.7 mm) were used depending on size and site of tumor. Roentgenotelevision imaging proved more informative for small-size tumors (less than 2 cm). Computed tomography offered more advantage in imaging medium- and large-size tumors because it allowed to avoid repeated aspiration and, therefore, reduce the risk of complications.

[Causes of exploratory thoracotomies in lung cancer]. / Prichiny probnykh torakotomii pri rake legkogo.

Exploratory thoracotomies were studied in 80 patients with inoperable lung cancer. The X-ray and computed tomography findings were analyzed retrospectively. The main causes of inoperability of lung cancer were determined. The authors consider that CT findings are of greater importance as compared with the routine X-ray examination and linear tomography for determining the lung cancer operability.

[Computed tomography in the evaluation of regional metastases of lung cancer]. / Komp'iuternaia tomografiia v otsenke regionarnogo metastazirovaniia raka legkogo.

The rate of metastatic spread of different groups of intrathoracic lymph nodes has been studied in depending on localization of the tumor by the nodes using CT method. 126 patients were examined with verified diagnosis of lung cancer. The central form was diagnosed in 55 (43.6%) patients, peripheral--in 71 (56.4%), a tumor was located in the upper lobe in 72 (57.1%), in the lower lobe--in 47 (37.4%), and in the middle lobe--in 7 (5.5%). CT-semiotic of metastatic lymph nodes was studied. The indices of the efficiency of diagnostic imaging when using CT were analyzed as well. The analysis of data obtained has shown that CT has great possibilities in evaluation of regional metastases of lung cancer.

[The potentials of computed tomography in assessing the spread of lung cancer]. / Vozmozhnosti komp'iuternoi tomografii v otsenke rasprostranennosti raka legkogo.

The paper presents the results of a complex examination of 198 cases of lung cancer, using computed tomography, which provided additional data in 52.3% of cases. These data were used to assess the tumor spreading to the mediastinum, pleura and thoracic wall. The computed tomography-related features of lymphatic nodes of the mediastinum, both normal and metastatically involved, are discussed.