ABSTRACT
A violência se caracteriza como um grave problema social, nesse contexto oincremento dos óbitos por homicídio expressa o crescimento da violência e comoconseqüência coloca a necessidade de compreender o porquê deste aumento. Oshomicídios podem ser causados por diversos fatores presentes em diferentesinstâncias e envolvem questões socioeconômicas, demográficas, culturais epolíticas. Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar os determinantes da taxa dehomicídios no Brasil, contribuindo para o melhor entendimento dos seus fatoresassociados, a fim de prover os gestores de saúde e segurança pública deinformações e conhecimento sobre este fenômeno e possibilitar o planejamento deestratégias de controle e diminuição do impacto dos homicídios. Estudo deabordagem quantitativa, tipo ecológico transversal, analítico, considerando comounidades de análise os Estados e o Distrito Federal do Brasil. As taxas dehomicídios foram calculadas utilizando o número de homicídios do período de2002-2012. Foram construídas séries históricas das taxas de homicídios no Brasil.Foi estimada associação da taxa de homicídios com variáveis explicativas atravésde regressão linear simples. As variáveis independentes consideradas foramdivididas em três grupos: Indicadores socioeconômicos, criminógenos e sistema desegurança pública. Apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significativa (p0,05)...
The violence is characterized as a serious social problem. In this contex theincrease of deaths by homicide expresses the increase in violence and as a resultputs the need to understand why this increase occurs. Homicides can be caused byseveral factors present in different instances and involve socioeconomic,demographic, cultural and political issues. This study aimed to analyze thedeterminants of the homicide rate in Brazil, contributing to a better understanding ofthe factors associated with these, in order to provide managers of public health andsecurity information and knowledge about this phenomenon and enable theplanning of control strategies and reducing the impact of the murders. Study ofquantitative approach, analytical cross-sectional ecological type, considering theunits of analysis states and the Federal District of Brazil. Homicide rates werecalculated using the number of homicides for the period of 2002-2012.Historicalseries of homicide rates in Brazil were built. Association rate of homicides withexplanatory variables in the bivariate analysis isolated by simple line regression wasestimated. The independent variables were divided in to three groups:Socioeconomic indicators, criminal factors and public safety system. Statisticallysignificant correlation variables proportion of households with income below thepoverty line and extreme poverty, percentage of poor enrollment rate in secondarylevel education, income HDI, education HDI, criminality rate and percentage ofexpenditure on security public. Showed no statistically significant correlation...
Subject(s)
Humans , Violence , Homicide , BrazilABSTRACT
The purpose of the research described in this paper was to analyze the biological mutational effects caused by low doses of ionizing radiation on biological samples placed nearby and around deposits of radioactive waste, as a way of monitoring the environment close to them. In order to do this, the plant Tradescantia pallida was chosen, and through micronuclei tests the sensitivity of the dose/response to bio-monitoring could be observed. The plants were exposed for a period of 24h in previously chosen sites around Brazil, within the proximity of nuclear waste deposits. In each location, three points were chosen for bio-monitoring. The results obtained at these locations showed a small increment in the frequency of micronuclei per cell of the biosensor. From these data, a scale of mutagenesis effects due to low-dose radiation was built up. T. pallida is a good alternative for environmental bio-monitoring in tropical climates, as it is an excellent alternative tool in the studies of the effects of ionizing radiation on the environment.
