Abnormal sensory integration affects balance control in hemiparetic patients within the first year after stroke.

OBJECTIVE: Impairments in balance can be a consequence of changes in the motor, sensory, and integrative aspects of motor control. Abnormal sensory reweighting, i.e., the ability to select the most appropriate sensory information to achieve postural stability, may contribute to balance impairment. The Sensory Organization Test is a component of Computerized Dynamic Posturography that evaluates the impact of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory inputs, as well as sensory reweighting, under conditions of sensory conflict. The aim of this study is to compare balance control in hemiparetic patients during the first year post-stroke and in age-matched neurologically normal subjects using the Berg Balance Scale and Computerized Dynamic Posturography. METHODS: We compared the Berg Balance Scale and Sensory Organization Test scores in 21 patients with hemiparesis after first-ever ischemic stroke and in 21 age-matched, neurologically normal subjects. An equilibrium score was defined for each Sensory Organization Test condition. RESULTS: Berg Balance Scale scores were significantly lower in the patients than in the neurologically normal subjects. Equilibrium scores were significantly lower in the patients than in the neurologically normal subjects for those Sensory Organization Test conditions that did not provide appropriate somatosensory information and under conditions of sensory conflict. A history of falls was more frequent in patients with lower equilibrium scores. CONCLUSION: During the first year after a stroke, defective sensory reweighting significantly impacts balance control in hemiparetic patients. These results are important for the planning of effective rehabilitation interventions.

Abnormal sensory integration affects balance control in hemiparetic patients within the first year after stroke

OBJECTIVE: Impairments in balance can be a consequence of changes in the motor, sensory, and integrative aspects of motor control. Abnormal sensory reweighting, i.e., the ability to select the most appropriate sensory information to achieve postural stability, may contribute to balance impairment. The Sensory Organization Test is a component of Computerized Dynamic Posturography that evaluates the impact of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory inputs, as well as sensory reweighting, under conditions of sensory conflict. The aim of this study is to compare balance control in hemiparetic patients during the first year post-stroke and in age-matched neurologically normal subjects using the Berg Balance Scale and Computerized Dynamic Posturography. METHODS: We compared the Berg Balance Scale and Sensory Organization Test scores in 21 patients with hemiparesis after first-ever ischemic stroke and in 21 age-matched, neurologically normal subjects. An equilibrium score was defined for each Sensory Organization Test condition. RESULTS: Berg Balance Scale scores were significantly lower in the patients than in the neurologically normal subjects. Equilibrium scores were significantly lower in the patients than in the neurologically normal subjects for those Sensory Organization Test conditions that did not provide appropriate somatosensory information and under conditions of sensory conflict. A history of falls was more frequent in patients with lower equilibrium scores. CONCLUSION: During the first year after a stroke, defective sensory reweighting significantly impacts balance control in hemiparetic patients. These results are important for the planning of effective rehabilitation interventions.

Short IQCODE as a screening tool for MCI and dementia: Preliminary results.

Reaching a diagnosis may be difficult in the initial stages of dementia, especially in low educated individuals, when informant reports may be useful. OBJECTIVES: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of the IQCODE against cognitive tests applied in clinical practice and to evaluate the possible cut-off points in Brazil. METHODS: Individuals without dementia (CDR=0; N=5), with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (CDR=0.5; N=15) and demented (CDR≥1; N=29) were evaluated using the Short IQCODE, a 16-item questionnaire applied to an informant, and on standard cognitive and functional scales. Diagnosis was reached by a consensus team with expertise in dementia, according to DSM-IV criteria, which was blind to the IQCODE results. RESULTS: IQCODE scores were positively correlated to the CDR (r=0.65, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with years of schooling (r= -0.33, p=0.021). IQCODE scores were positively correlated with CDR controlled by age and education (r=0.61, p<0.001). Linear regression showed that age was associated with the IQCODE (p=0.016) whereas education was not associated (p=0.078). IQCODE means according to the CDR classification were: CDR 0-3.37; CDR 0.5-3.75; CDR 1-4.32; CDR 2-4.61; CDR 3-5.00. The area under the ROC curve for dementia vs. controls was 0.869 (p<0.001), MCI vs. controls, 0.821 (p<0.001); and according to the groups classified by the CDR was: CDR 0.5 vs. CDR 1=0.649 (p=0.089), CDR 1 vs. CDR 2=0.779 (p=0.009), and CDR 2 vs. CDR 3=0.979 (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings suggest that the short IQCODE can be used for the screening of MCI and dementia in Brazil.

O diagnóstico pode ser difícil em estágios iniciais de demência, especialmente em população de baixa escolaridade, quando os relatos de informantes podem ser úteis. OBJETIVO: Comparar a sensibilidade e especificidade do IQCODE com outros testes e diagnóstico clinico, assim como identificar os possíveis pontos de corte no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Indivíduos sem demência (CDR=0; N=5), com comprometimento cognitivo leve (MCI) (CDR=0,5; N=15) e dementados (CDR≥1; N=29) foram avaliados usando o IQCODE reduzido, um questionário de 16 itens aplicado ao informante, e escalas cognitivas e funcionais padrões. Diagnóstico final foi fornecido por consenso de especialistas, com experiência em demência, de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV, e cegos quanto ao resultado do IQCODE. RESULTADOS: IQCODE tem uma correlação positiva com o CDR (r=0.65, p<0.001) e negativa com anos de escolaridade (r= ­0.33, p=0.021). IQCODE mantêm correlação positiva com o CDR quando controlado por idade e escolaridade (r=0.61, p<0.001). Na regressão linear a idade continuou a afetar o resultado do IQCODE (p=0.016) enquanto a escolaridade não (p=0.078). Médias do IQCODE de acordo com a classificação do CDR: CDR 0­3.37; CDR 0.5­3.75; CDR 1­4.32; CDR 2­4.61; CDR 3­5.00. A área sob a curva ROC para demência vs. controles foi 0.869 (p<0.001), MCI vs. controles, 0.821 (p<0.001) e de acordo com os CDR foi: CDR 0.5 vs. CDR 1=0.649 (p=0.089), CDR 1 vs. CDR 2=0.779 (p=0.009) e CDR 2 vs. CDR 3 =0.979 (p=0.023). CONCLUSÃO: Esses achados preliminares sugerem que o IQCODE Curto pode ser usado como instrumento de triagem para MCI e demência no Brasil.