The use of a recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin (reCG) in fixed-time AI programs in beef cattle.

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a novel recombinant eCG (reCG) on pregnancy rates to AI (P/AI) in suckled beef cows of different breeds that were synchronized with an estradiol/progesterone (P4)-based protocol for fixed-time AI (TAI). In experiment 1, 1244 Bos taurus suckled cows were used. On Day 0 all cows received an intravaginal P4 device (600 mg P4) and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate. On Day 7, devices were removed, and all cows received 0.150 mg of D-cloprostenol plus 1 mg of estradiol cypionate and were randomly divided to receive 140 IU or 105 IU of reCG or no reCG treatment (controls) at that time. Cows were tail painted for estrus detection and those in estrus by 48 h after P4 device removal were inseminated; whereas those not showing estrus were also inseminated and received GnRH at the same time. In experiment 2, 818 Bos taurus x Bos indicus crossbred suckled cows received the same FTAI protocol used in Experiment 1. Cows were randomly divided at the time of P4 device removal into 4 groups to receive 140 IU, 105 IU or 84 IU of reCG or no reCG treatment. In experiment 3, 345 Bos indicus suckled cows were submitted to the same FTAI protocol as those in previous experiments and were randomly divided into three groups to receive 140 IU or 105 IU of reCG, or 300 IU of serum derived eCG (PMSG). In Experiment 1, estrus rate and P/AI was greater (P < 0.05) in cows treated with reCG (79.9 and 53.5 %, 76.9 and 52.3 % for the 105 UI and 140 UI reCG groups, respectively) than those in the control group (69.9 and 44.4 %, respectively). In Experiment 2, cows treated with reCG tended (P < 0.1) to achieve a greater P/AI than control cows (38.6 %, 37.1 %, 36.2 % and 28.2 % for those receiving 84 IU, 105 IU,140 IU of reCG, and those in the control group); but when P/AI of all cows treated with reCG was contrasted to that of control cows, the difference was significant (P < 0.01). In Experiment 3, P/AI in cows treated with 84 IU of reCG (54 %) did not differ from that of cows treated with serum derived eCG (59 %) but both were greater (P < 0.05) than cows treated with 105 UI of reCG (41 %). In conclusion, treatment with reCG improved fertility in suckled Bos taurus and Bos taurus x Bos indicus beef cows. In suckled Bos indicus cows, although treatment with reCG and serum derived eCG were comparable, the higher dosage of reCG was detrimental to their P/AI.

The 4AT scale for rapid detection of delirium in emergency department triage.

Aims: To assess the diagnostic accuracy and time impact of the 4AT scale in emergency department triage. Methods: A Prospective diagnostic accuracy study was carried out. People aged ≥65 years presenting to the emergency department from 1 November 2021 to 30 June 2022 were included. Nurses opportunistically screened eligible patients using the 4AT scale during triage according to the Manchester Triage System Francesc de Borja Hospital emergency department, Gandía (Spain). Accuracy was compared with medical diagnosis of delirium. Time (seconds) spent in triage with and without screening was assessed. Results: The study included 370 patients (55.1% men, mean age 81.8 years), of whom 58.4% (n = 216) were screened. A final diagnosis of delirium was made in 41.4% of those screened. The most frequently used presentational flow charts and discriminators were 'behaving strangely' (15%) and 'rapid onset' (33.3%). The highest accuracy was obtained for a score of 3 points or more (sensitivity 85.1%; specificity 66.9%; positive predictive value 52.8%; negative predictive value 71.7%). No significant differences were found in the time spent in triage according to the performance of screening. Conclusion: A score of 3 points or more on the 4AT scale enables rapid detection of delirium in emergency department triage, without consuming more time than conventional triage.

Study the Effect of Relative Energy Deficiency on Physiological and Physical Variables in Professional Women Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Energy deficits are often observed in athletes, especially in female athletes, due to the high expenditure of sport and strict diets. Low energy availability can cause serious health problems and affect sport performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different personalized dietary plans on physiological and physical factors related to energy deficit syndrome in female professional handball players. Twenty-one professional female handball players, aged 22 ± 4 years, 172.0 ± 5.4 cm and 68.4 ± 6.7 kg, divided into three groups (FD: free diet; MD: Mediterranean diet; and AD: high antioxidant diet), participated in this 12-week randomized controlled trial. Energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry, energy availability, 7 day dietary intake analysis, blood pressure, cholesterol, menstrual function, body composition by both anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance, and strength performance were assessed. All participants showed low energy availability (<30 kcal/lean mass per day); despite this, all had eumenorrhea. Significant improvements were found after the intervention in all components of body composition (p < 0.05). In the remaining variables, despite slight improvements, none were significant neither over time nor between the different groups. Low energy availability has been observed in all professional female handball players, which may lead to serious consequences. A longer period of intervention is required to assess the differences between diets and improvements in other parameters.

Clinical Risk Group as a predictor of mortality in delirious older adults in the emergency department.

BACKGROUND: In older people, chronicity is associated with delirium, which in turn increases the risk of developing poor clinical outcomes like nursing home admission and death. The aim is to determine whether chronicity, as assessed by Clinical Risk Groups (CRG), is an independent predictor of mortality in older adults with delirium seen in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: Prospective study with 18-month follow-up. Included patients were aged 65 years or older, admitted from 1 January to 31 December 2020, and diagnosed and coded for delirium in the ED of a secondary hospital. Patients were followed for 18 months. A survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The study included 125 patients (56 % men, mean age 81.2 years, standard deviation [SD] 7.5). At baseline, level 0 chronicity was present in 4.7 % of the patients; level 1, 23.4 %; level 2, 32.8 %; and level 3, 39.1 %. By study end, 29.68 % (n = 38) had died. Mean survival in the total sample was 176.6 (standard error 25.8) days. Level 3 chronicity was associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio 3.41, 95 % confidence interval 1.31-8.96). CONCLUSIONS: Level 3 chronicity, as assessed by Clinical Risk Groups, is an independent predictor of mortality in older ED patients with delirium. Delirium leads to an increased level of chronicity over the following months.

Identification through the Manchester Triage System of the older population at risk of delirium: A case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the flow charts and discriminators of the Manchester Triage System that are most likely to identify the onset of delirium in older people. BACKGROUND: Delirium is an underdiagnosed geriatric syndrome, and up to 80% of all cases of delirium go undetected in emergency departments. Patient triage seeks to manage clinical risk with a view to safely and appropriately managing patient flows. DESIGN: A case-control study was performed according to the STROBE checklist. SETTING: The emergency department of a secondary hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Older adults aged ≥65 years and admitted from 1 January to 31 December 2020. METHODS: Older patients were identified from the emergency department research database. Cases were defined as patients diagnosed with delirium (n = 128), excluding cases of delirium due to alcohol or substance abuse. Controls were randomised from the remaining patients (n = 128). RESULTS: A total of 29.35% of the subjects admitted to the emergency department were older adults with an incidence of delirium of 0.7%. The flow charts with the highest probability of delirium were 'unwell adult' [OR = 3.04 (95%CI:1.82-5.1)] and 'behaving strangely' [OR = 16.06 (95%CI:3.72-69.29)], and the discriminators were 'rapid onset' [OR = 3.3 (95%CI:1.85-5.88)] and 'new neurological deficit less than 24 h old' [OR = 4.76 (95%%CI:1.01-22.5). The area under the curve for 'unwell adult' in the presence of dementia, previous stroke and fall in the previous 30 days was 0.73 (95%CI: 0.67-0.79), and that for 'behaving strangely' in the presence of diabetes was 0.75 (95%CI: 0.69-0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Knowing which flow charts, discriminators and risk factors are most likely to predict delirium allows the identification of the older population at risk for triage screening in emergency departments. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Risk factors such as diabetes, dementia, previous stroke and recent fall among 'unwell adult' or 'behaving strangely' triaged older persons should be assessed for the probable presence of delirium.

Effect of aquatic resistance interval training and dietary education program on physical and psychological health in older women: Randomized controlled trial.

Due to demographic changes, the world's population is progressively aging. The physiological deterioration of the older adult may lead to reduced balance capacity and increased risk of falls, among others, due to the prevalence of degenerative diseases. Physical exercise can be effective in reducing the risk of disease and slowing functional decline in older people. The aim of the research is to test the effects of aquatic resistance training and dietary education on health indicators, strength, balance, functional autonomy, perception of satisfaction with life. Thirty-four participants aged 69 ± 4 years were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental (aquatic resistance interval training) and control group (no intervention). The intervention consisted of resistance training in an aquatic environment carried out for 14 weeks (three sessions per week: 60 min each). All variables were analyzed twice; pre - post intervention. Aquatic resistance training has positive effects on strength (p < 0.001), functional self-sufficiency (p < 0.001) and aerobic capacity (p < 0.001), however, no significant differences were observed in the perception of satisfaction with life and balance. Research results suggest that older women who engage in regular, scheduled aquatic resistance training have greater autonomy in performing activities of daily living, agility, gait control, and body composition variables (lower fat compartment and greater muscle mass).

Challenges in the Detection of Clinically Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Delirium in Older People in the Emergency Department-A Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND: The identification of biomarkers associated with delirium in the emergency department could contribute to the understanding, prediction and diagnosis of this disorder. The present study was carried out to identify biomarkers included in easily and quickly obtained standard blood examinations in older patients with delirium in the emergency department. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out in the emergency department of Francesc de Borja Hospital (Gandía, Valencia, Spain). Older adults (≥65 years of age) diagnosed with delirium (n = 128) were included. Cases due to alcohol or substance abuse were excluded. Controls were selected on a randomized basis from the remaining patients (n = 128). All laboratory test parameters included in the routine blood and urine tests of the emergency department were collected. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 81.24 ± 7.51 years, and 56.2% were males, while the mean age of the controls was 78.97 ± 7.99 years, and 45.3% were males. Significant differences were found between the cases and controls in relation to the following parameters: urea 43 (32-58) mg/dL versus 50 (37-66) mg/dL, respectively; neutrophils 69.6 (62.05-78.75)% versus 75.5 (65.1-83.2)%; monocytes 8.7 (7-10.4)% versus 7.6 (5.5-9.2)%; platelets 213 (159-266) × 109/L versus 224 (182-289) × 109/L; neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio 3.88 (2.45-7.07) versus 5 (2.75-8.83); platelet-lymphocyte ratio 281.4 (210-360) versus 357.1 (257.8-457.1); and mean platelet volume 10.6 (10-11.5) fl versus 10.4 (9.67-10.9) fl. Although the mean values were above desirable levels in both groups, they were higher for most parameters in the control group. No significant differences were observed in C-reactive protein concentration (9.99 (1.69-51) mg/L versus 12.3 (3.09-65.97) mg/L). CONCLUSIONS: The identification of delirium biomarkers poses difficulties due to the urgent nature of the disorders found in older people admitted to the emergency department. Research in this field is needed, since it would allow early identification and treatment of delirium.

Fatigue Crack Arrest Induced by Localized Compressive Deformation.

The localized compressive deformation (LCD) effect generated by an indentation process at the crack tip on the fatigue crack growth of the 7075-T651 aluminum alloy is reported. Eccentrically loaded single-edge crack tension specimens (ESE(T)) were pre-cracked at a crack length of about 20 mm by applying a constant amplitude fatigue loading. Subsequently, the LCD process was performed by using a semi-spherical indenter with a radius of 16 mm to compress the crack tip zone at different forces (5.0, 7.0, 12.5, 13.5, 15.5 kN), applied on the opposite surfaces of the specimens. The fatigue cracking process was continued on the compressed samples until an overall crack length of about 30 mm was obtained. The compressive load and the number of delayed cycles is discussed in terms of crack length and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). A direct relationship between the compressive force induced by the LCD process and the delay of the crack propagation due to the crack arrest was observed. This effect became evident at a compressive force of 5.0 kN, where the crack propagation was arrested for about 9000 cycles in comparison with the non-LCD sample. However, when the force increased, the crack arrest also increased. The crack was considered to be completely arrested at a compressive load of 15.5 kN, since the crack did not grow after the application of more than 3 × 106 cycles.

Psychological Effects of Motivational Aquatic Resistance Interval Training and Nutritional Education in Older Women.

Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of physical exercise programs on physical and mental health throughout life. It is necessary to know the factors that contribute to the well-being of older adults in order to achieve healthy aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between well-being perception and the use of autonomy supportive coaching behaviours across a motivational aquatic resistance interval training program. Thirty-four women over 65 years of age from the province of Alicante, Spain, participated, and were randomly assigned to: motivational aquatic resistance interval training group (MART; age: 69.6 ± 5.01 years, height: 1.62 ± 7.88 m, weight: 75.3 ± 12.8 kg) and control group (CG; age: 67.7 ± 3.60 years, height: 1.54 ± 5.47 m, weight: 66.9 ± 10.2 kg). The MART program was conducted for 14 weeks, with three training sessions/week. The CG did not perform any physical activity during the study. Perception of autonomy support was assessed through the Autonomy-Supportive Coaching Questionnaire (ASCQ), Psychological needs by the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES), Intrinsic motivation to exercise was assessed through Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) and Perception of Physical Activity by the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). In MART, compared to CG, significant differences were observed in BPNS, IMI and IPAQ questionnaires used, except in the ASCQ. The differences were significant in all three cases in BPNS (p < 0.05 in autonomy and competence and p = 0.001 in relationship with others), obtaining better scores after intervention than previously. As for the IMI scale, significant differences were also obtained in both subscales. The level of physical activity also improved significantly, with higher scores on the IPAQ after the intervention than before (p < 0.001). In conclusion, when practitioners perceive greater well-being, satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, greater self-selection, volition, and autonomy instead of pressure, demand and control, the result is better behaviour with greater psychological well-being, adherence and consequent health benefits.

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training and Intermittent Fasting on Body Composition and Physical Performance in Active Women.

Nutritional strategies may have an effect on body composition and physical performance. Intermittent fasting (IF) is an eating pattern that cycles between periods of eating and fasting in specified time periods. Moreover, it is a common strategy among members of the athlete population that are looking for weight loss. However, this strategy may negatively affect physical performance, as compared to other weight loss strategies. The main purpose of this research was to use a cross-over design to study the effects of HIIT, with or without intermittent fasting, on muscular and anaerobic performance in 14 active women (27 ± 6 y). To assess performance, body composition (anthropometry), hand-grip strength, and counter-movement jump (CMJ) height was measured, and a 30 s Wingate test was completed assessed. HIIT + IF reduced fat mass (1 kg, p < 0.05, d = 1.1; 1.5%, p < 0.01, d = 1.0) and increased CMJ height (6.2 cm, p < 0.001, d = 1.8). In addition, the change in CMJ height in HIIT + IF was higher over HIIT (5.2 cm, p < 0.001, d = 1.9). In conclusion, intermittent fasting could be a nutritional strategy to decrease fat mass and increase jumping performance. However, longer duration programs would be necessary to determine whether other parameters of muscle performance could be positively affected by IF.

Knee Extensor Muscle Strength Is More Important Than Postural Balance for Stair-Climbing Ability in Elderly Patients with Severe Knee Osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease which damages articular cartilage. In its severe stages, it results in impairments in balance and muscle strength loss, which affect daily life activities such as walking or climbing stairs. This study sought to investigate associated factors with stair-climbing ability in this population, with special interest in measuring the relevance of postural balance for this task. Forty-four patients scheduled to undergo unilateral total knee arthroplasty were assessed. Timed up and go test, stair ascent-descent test, three different isometric strength tests (knee flexion, knee extension and hip abduction), active knee extension and flexion range of movement and static postural balance assessment were evaluated. Spearman's correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis determined the strength of association between the different variables and stair-climbing time. No significant association between the stair-climbing time and static balance was found. Significant associations were found between stair-climbing time and timed up and go (r = 0.71; p < 0.0001) and maximal knee extensor strength (r = -0.52; p = 0.0003). One-year increase in age was associated with 0.15 s (95% CI 0.00 to 0.30) slower stair-climbing time. In conclusion, muscle strength is more important than postural balance for stair-climbing ability in this population.

Acute Effects of Work Rest Interval Duration of 3 HIIT Protocols on Cycling Power in Trained Young Adults.

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is described as a succession of short duration and maximum or near-maximum intensity efforts, alternated by recovery periods during which exercise continues at a lower intensity (active recovery) or is interrupted (passive recovery). Our objective was to evaluate the acute responses of three HIIT protocols of different work/rest interval times over the total time of the session, with self-selectable load and up to exhaustion, "all out".The sample was composed of 22 male participants (n = 22) between 19 and 24 years old. The HIIT protocol consisted of one of the three HIIT protocols, of 30, 60 and 90 s density ratio 1:1 and with passive rest, with a total exercise duration of 10 min. The test was performed in a cycloergometer set in workload mode independent of the pedaling frequency. The comparison of the three HIIT protocols shows that the duration of the work/rest intervals, starting from 30 s of work, in the cycloergometer, there are no significant differences in the levels of lactate concentration in the blood, nor in the heart rate, since a similar amount is obtained in the three protocols. The percentage of maximum power developed reached in each HIIT protocol is related to the duration of the working intervals.

A Virtual Instrument for Road Vehicle Classification Based on Piezoelectric Transducers.

This paper describes a virtual instrument capable of the automatic and quasi-instantaneous classification of a vehicle according to category when it is driving along the road. The vehicle's classification is based on accurate measurements of both the vehicle's speed and its wheelbase. Our research is focused on achieving accurate speed and wheelbase measurements and then determining the category of the vehicle through the developed software. The vehicle categorization is based on the wheelbase measurements and the number of axles and metal masses of the vehicle. The system has a complementary magnetic sensor, which helps in classifying the vehicle when the wheelbase measurement could be representative of different categories, and a camera to confirm the results of the experiment. The proposed measurement system presents a novel method for classifying vehicles according to type using piezoelectric transducers (piezo sensors). In addition, no system references have been found that encompass the functionalities of the presented system based on the information of only two piezoelectric transducers. The system has important advantages over current alternatives (systems based on inductive loops, cameras, fiber optic sensors or lasers), the installation is simple and non-invasive and with a success rate of the classification greater than 90%. The system consists of a signal acquisition point on the pavement, signal conditioning hardware and a data acquisition (DAQ) module, which links the hardware and the virtual instrument developed in LabVIEW®. Finally, the system has been tested on the road with real traffic, and the experimental results are presented and discussed in this paper.

Functioning of Cognitive Memory Inhibition Processes in People with Down Syndrome: An Empirical Study.

Cognitive inhibition is part of executive functions. When it exercises control over memory processes, it has the function of regulating the accessibility of memories and allows interference to be resolved. The impairment of its functioning has been related to the presence of forgetfulness of relevant information. In this research, we study the functioning of cognitive memory inhibition processes in people with intellectual disabilities in tasks of delayed visual recognition and analyze the influence of age. For this purpose, 36 people with Down syndrome (mean age = 33.44, standard deviation = 7.54, 50% females) and 36 people with neurotypical development (mean age = 33.55, standard deviation = 7.52, 50% females) participated. The results reflected a lower effectiveness in the group of people with Down syndrome, F(1, 68) = 159.09, p < .001, $ {\upeta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $ = .70. The people in the group with Down syndrome had difficulties in interference resolution, both in the subgroup of young people (p = .014, $ \hat{\updelta\ } $= 0.88) and in the subgroup of older people (p = .022, $ \hat{\updelta\ } $= 0.67). The impairment of cognitive inhibition in people with Down syndrome warrants the need to develop specific intervention programs for this process.

Functioning of cognitive memory inhibition processesin people with Down syndrome: an empirical study

Cognitive inhibition is part of executive functions. When it exercises control over memory processes, it has the function of regulating the accessibility of memories and allows interference to be resolved. The impairment of its functioning has been related to the presence of forgetfulness of relevant information. In this research, we study the functioning of cognitive memory inhibition processes in people with intellectual disabilities in tasks of delayed visual recognition and analyze the influence of age. For this purpose, 36 people with Down syndrome (mean age = 33.44, standard deviation = 7.54, 50% females) and 36 people with neurotypical development (mean age = 33.55, standard deviation = 7.52, 50% females) participated. The results reflected a lower effectiveness in the group of people with Down syndrome, F(1, 68) = 159.09, p < .001, = .70. The people in the group with Down syndrome had difficulties in interference resolution, both in the subgroup of young people (p = .014, = 0.88) and in the subgroup of older people (p = .022, = 0.67). The impairment of cognitive inhibition in people with Down syndrome warrants the need to develop specific intervention programs for this process

No disponible

A New Prospect in Road Traffic Energy Harvesting Using Lead-Free Piezoceramics.

In this paper, a new prospect using lead-free piezoelectric ceramics is presented in order to determine their behavior in piezoelectric-based road traffic energy harvesting applications. This paper will describe the low-cost and fully programmable novel test bench developed. The test bench includes a traffic simulator and acquires the electrical signals of the piezoelectric materials and the energy harvested when stress is produced by analogous mechanical stimuli to road traffic effects. This new computer-controlled laboratory instrument is able to obtain the active electrical model of the piezoelectric materials and the generalized linear equivalent electrical model of the energy storage and harvesting circuits in an accurate and automatized empirical process. The models are originals and predict the extracted maximum power. The methodology presented allows the use of only two load resistor values to empirically verify the value of the output impedance of the harvester previously determined by simulations. This parameter is unknown a priori and is very relevant for optimizing the energy harvesting process based on maximum power point algorithms. The relative error achieved between the theoretical analysis by applying the models and the practical tests with real harvesting systems is under 3%. The environmental concerns are explored, highlighting the main differences between lead-containing (lead zirconate titanate, PZT) and lead-free commercial piezoelectric ceramics in road traffic energy harvesting applications.

Operation of cognitive memory inhibition in adults with Down syndrome: Effects of maintenance load and material.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive inhibition is one of the executive functions; this process over memory plays a fundamental role in recalling relevant information. The aims of this study were to understand the effects of maintenance load and stimuli on the operation of cognitive inhibition over memory in working memory tasks in adults with Down syndrome. METHOD: The study included 36 individuals with Down syndrome (mean age = 33.44 years, standard deviation = 7.54 years, 50% women) and 36 individuals with neurotypical development (mean age = 33.55 years, standard deviation = 7.52 years, 50% women). The participants performed a working memory task in which they had to solve an interference problem during the maintenance phase. RESULTS: The Down syndrome group performed worse on cognitive inhibition over memory than the neurotypical development group. Both groups had lower recall with interference and under high-load conditions. In the neurotypical development group, memory was similar with both materials. The Down syndrome group performed better with non-social stimuli than with social stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the variables that influence cognitive inhibition over memory will help in planning effective interventions for people with Down syndrome. Considering the results, special importance should be placed on work with social stimuli, at least in individuals with Down syndrome.

Impairment of cognitive memory inhibition in individuals with intellectual disability: a meta-analysis / Afectación de la inhibición cognitiva sobre la memoria en personas con discapacidad intelectual: un meta-análisis

BACKGROUND: Cognitive inhibition impairment is intimately related to the forgetfulness of relevant information. This meta-analysis aims to synthesise the evidence of impaired function of cognitive inhibition processes over memory in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). METHOD: Eleven studies were selected and analysed and included a total of 683 participants. The studies were categorised according to variables such as the task used, the processes involved, the sensory modalities and the method. RESULTS: Despite the small sample of studies, the results revealed significant difficulties with cognitive memory inhibition (CMI) tasks in individuals with ID compared with typical development (TD) individuals (d = 0.62). CMI problems were found in all life stages except the 19-45-year-old stage. In this stage, there was a smaller amount of evidence even though it included the 31-40-year-old range, during which premature aging has been observed in ID. CONCLUSIONS: An impairment of CMI in people with ID was observed. More studies are needed to more reliably assess the potential moderating role of age and other factors

ANTECEDENTES: la afectación de la inhibición cognitiva se encuentra íntimamente relacionada con el olvido de información relevante. Este meta-análisis tiene como objetivo conocer si los procesos de inhibición cognitiva sobre la memoria están afectados en personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI). MÉTODO: se seleccionaron y analizaron 11 estudios que incluyeron un total de 683 participantes. Los artículos fueron categorizados en función de la tarea utilizada, los procesos implicados, las modalidades sensoriales y el método. RESULTADOS: a pesar del número de estudios, se observaron dificultades significativas en inhibición cognitiva sobre la memoria (ICM) en personas con DI, en comparación con personas con desarrollo típico (d = 0.62). Estas dificultades se observaron en todas las etapas cronológicas, excepto de 19 a 45 años. En esta etapa, la evidencia fue escasa, a pesar de incluir el rango de los 31-40 años, donde se ha observado presencia de envejecimiento prematuro en personas con DI. CONCLUSIONES: se observaron dificultades en ICM en personas con DI. Se necesitan más estudios para evaluar de forma más exhaustiva el papel potencialmente moderador de la edad y de otros factores

Impairment of cognitive memory inhibition in individuals with intellectual disability: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive inhibition impairment is intimately related to the forgetfulness of relevant information. This meta-analysis aims to synthesise the evidence of impaired function of cognitive inhibition processes over memory in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). METHOD: Eleven studies were selected and analysed and included a total of 683 participants. The studies were categorised according to variables such as the task used, the processes involved, the sensory modalities and the method. RESULTS: Despite the small sample of studies, the results revealed significant difficulties with cognitive memory inhibition (CMI) tasks in individuals with ID compared with typical development (TD) individuals (d = 0.62). CMI problems were found in all life stages except the 19-45-year-old stage. In this stage, there was a smaller amount of evidence even though it included the 31-40-year-old range, during which premature aging has been observed in ID. CONCLUSIONS: An impairment of CMI in people with ID was observed. More studies are needed to more reliably assess the potential moderating role of age and other factors.