Subject(s)
Diabetic Nephropathies/therapy , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Humans , Italy , Methods , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The results are presented of the dietary management, alone or in association with thiazides and/or allopurinol, evaluated in 143 idiopathic calcium stone formers after a mean follow-up of 18 months. Diet alone proved to be effective in the prevention of stone relapses. The addition of thiazide and/or allopurinol provided mild improvements of urine environment but seemed to give no further clinical benefits irrespective of underlying metabolic abnormalities.
Subject(s)
Kidney Calculi/therapy , Allopurinol/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use , Kidney Calculi/diet therapy , Kidney Calculi/drug therapy , MaleSubject(s)
Urinary Calculi/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Female , Humans , Italy , Kidney Calculi/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Occupations , Rural Population , Sex Factors , Urban Population , Ureteral Calculi/epidemiologyABSTRACT
1. Seventeen healthy controls and 63 patients with idiopathic calcium stone disease of the urinary tract were investigated for urinary calcium and oxalate excretion and for [14C]oxalate intestinal absorption. 2. Under comparable controlled dietary intake a significant increase in calcium excretion as found in patients with stone disease. Oxalate excretion and [14C]oxalate intestinal absorption were mildly but not significantly increased. When patients with stone disease were subdivided into normocalciuric and hypercalciuric subjects, oxalate excretion and [14C]oxalate absorption were significantly increased in the latter. There was a significant direct relationship between calcium excretion and both oxalate excretion and [14C]oxalate absorption. 3. [14C]Oxalate absorption increased significantly in 22 stone-formers when dietary calcium was changed from normal to low. 4. The kinetics of [14C]oxalate intestinal absorption showed that the main difference between normocalciuric and hypercalciuric subjects occurred within the first 6 h after the oxalate-labelled meal. 5. These results confirm that mild hyperoxaluria is a frequent feature of idiopathic calcium stone disease even when patients and controls are studied under controlled dietary conditions. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperoxaluria is secondary to calcium hyperabsorption and is upper intestinal in origin.
Subject(s)
Intestinal Absorption , Kidney Calculi/metabolism , Oxalates/metabolism , Adult , Calcium/metabolism , Female , Humans , Kinetics , Male , Oxalates/urine , Oxalic AcidSubject(s)
Cystinuria/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Cystinuria/drug therapy , Cystinuria/urine , Drug Evaluation , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Glycine/therapeutic use , Humans , Kinetics , Middle Aged , Penicillamine/therapeutic use , Sulfides , Thiophenes , Tiopronin/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Cystinuria , Kidney Calculi/metabolism , Uric Acid/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Amino Acids/metabolism , Creatinine/metabolism , Cystine , Humans , Middle Aged , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Antral somatostatin- and gastrin-producing cells (D and G cells) were studied in a group of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in comparison with a control group. Gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin, phosphate, and parathormone (PTH) levels were also evaluated in every patient. The group with CRF showed a mild increase both in G- and in D-cell denisty. In this group serum phosphate and PTH levels were higher than normal, showing hyperparathyroidism in every patient. A direct correlation was found between G-cell density and parathyroid function in patients with CRF. Hyperparathyroidism, therefore, seems to play a role in the mechanism of increased serum gastrin levels in CRF.
