ABSTRACT
Phytoplasmas manipulate host plant development to benefit insect vector colonization and their own invasion. However, the virulence factors and mechanisms underlying small-leaf formation caused by jujube witches' broom (JWB) phytoplasmas remain largely unknown. Here, effectors SJP1 and SJP2 from JWB phytoplasmas were identified to induce small-leaf formation in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba). In vivo interaction and expression assays showed that SJP1 and SJP2 interacted with and stabilized the transcription factor ZjTCP2. Overexpression of SJP1 and SJP2 in jujube induced ZjTCP2 accumulation. In addition, the abundance of miRNA319f_1 was significantly reduced in leaves of SJP1 and SJP2 transgenic jujube plants and showed the opposite pattern to the expression of its target, ZjTCP2, which was consistent with the pattern in diseased leaves. Overexpression of ZjTCP2 in Arabidopsis promoted ectopic leaves arising from the adaxial side of cotyledons and reduced leaf size. Constitutive expression of the miRNA319f_1 precursor in the 35S::ZjTCP2 background reduced the abundance of ZjTCP2 mRNA and reversed the cotyledon and leaf defects in Arabidopsis. Therefore, these observations suggest that effectors SJP1 and SJP2 induced small-leaf formation, at least partly, by interacting with and activating ZjTCP2 expression both at the transcriptional and the protein level, providing new insights into small-leaf formation caused by phytoplasmas in woody plants.
Subject(s)
Phytoplasma , Plant Leaves , Plant Proteins , Transcription Factors , Ziziphus , Ziziphus/microbiology , Ziziphus/genetics , Plant Leaves/microbiology , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Transcription Factors/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plant Proteins/genetics , Phytoplasma/physiology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Arabidopsis/microbiology , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolismABSTRACT
Tumor metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modification work together to promote tumorigenesis and development. Protein lysine acetylation, which affects a variety of biological functions of proteins, plays an important role under physiological and pathological conditions. Here, through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum data, we show that phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) deacetylation enhances malic enzyme 1 (ME1) metabolic enzyme activity to promote lipid synthesis and proliferation of liver cancer cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the deacetylase SIRT2 mediates PGAM5 deacetylation to activate ME1 activity, leading to ME1 dephosphorylation, subsequent lipid accumulation and the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Taken together, our study establishes an important role for the SIRT2-PGAM5-ME1 axis in the proliferation of liver cancer cells, suggesting a potential innovative cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Liver Neoplasms , Sirtuin 2 , Humans , Sirtuin 2/genetics , Sirtuin 2/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Phosphoglycerate Mutase/genetics , Phosphoglycerate Mutase/metabolism , Cell Proliferation , Lipids , Acetylation , Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism , Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the main pathogenic bacteria that causes nosocomial infections, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and sepsis. Therefore, the rapid and accurate detection of K. pneumoniae is important for the timely treatment of infectious patients. This study aimed to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the rapid and sensitive detection of K. pneumoniae-specific gene ureR_1 (Gene ID: 11847803). The ureR_1 gene was obtained through local and online BLAST, and the specific primers were designed for its detection. Positive reactions were observed on all 140 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates while all the 82 non-K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were negative. Plasmids with the specific gene and the mouse blood with K. pneumoniae were used for sensitivity analysis. The detection limit of the LAMP was 1 bacterium/reaction. The results showed that the LAMP targeted to ureR_1 is a fast, specific, sensitive, inexpensive, and suitable method for the detection of K. pneumoniae.
Subject(s)
Genes, Bacterial , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods , DNA Primers/genetics , DNA Primers/isolation & purification , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Limit of Detection , Plasmids/genetics , Plasmids/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Temperature , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the main pathogenic bacteria that causes nosocomial infections, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and sepsis. Therefore, the rapid and accurate detection of K. pneumoniae is important for the timely treatment of infectious patients. This study aimed to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the rapid and sensitive detection of K. pneumoniae-specific gene ureR_1 (Gene ID: 11847803). The ureR_1 gene was obtained through local and online BLAST, and the specific primers were designed for its detection. Positive reactions were observed on all 140 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates while all the 82 non-K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were negative. Plasmids with the specific gene and the mouse blood with K. pneumoniae were used for sensitivity analysis. The detection limit of the LAMP was 1 bacterium/reaction. The results showed that the LAMP targeted to ureR_1 is a fast, specific, sensitive, inexpensive, and suitable method for the detection of K. pneumoniae.
