Subintimal recanalization for non-acute occlusion of intracranial vertebral artery in an emergency endovascular procedure: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Endovascular recanalization of non-acute intracranial artery occlusion is technically difficult, particularly when the microwire enters the subintima. Although the subintimal tracking and re-entry technique has been well established in the endovascular treatment of coronary artery occlusion, there is limited experience with its use in intracranial occlusion due to anatomical variations and a lack of dedicated devices. CASE SUMMARY: A 74-year-old man was admitted to the hospital two days after experiencing acute weakness in both lower extremities, poor speech, and dizziness. After admission, imaging revealed acute ischemic stroke and non-acute occlusion of bilateral intracranial vertebral arteries (ICVAs). On the fourth day of admission, the patient's condition deteriorated and an emergency endovascular recanalization of the left ICVA was performed. During this procedure, a microwire was advanced in the subintima of the vessel wall and successfully reentered the distal true lumen. Two stents were implanted in the subintima. The patient's Modified Rankin Scale was 1 at three months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: We present a technical case of subintimal recanalization for non-acute ICVA occlusion in an emergency endovascular procedure. However, we emphasize the necessity for caution when applying the subintimal tracking approach in intracranial occlusion due to the significant dangers involved.

Molecule characterization of chemosensory and metabolism-related genes in the proboscis of Athetis lepigone.

Introduction: The moth species Athetis lepigone (Möschler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which has recently been identified as a pest of summer maize (Zea mays L.) in China, has demonstrated a rapid proliferation with in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain region since its initial discovery in Hebei Province in 2005. It has become a prevalent pest of corn crops, and its ability to adapt quickly to its surroundings is currently being investigated. One of the key characteristics of its siphoning mouthparts is not only the feeding apparatus itself but also the chemosensory organs that enable the detection of chemical signals from the surrounding environment. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the genes responsible for chemosensory and metabolic mechanisms in the proboscises of male and female A. lepigone adults. Methods: In this study, we utilized transcriptome analysis to identify a total of fifty chemosensory genes from six distinct families, including 19 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 22 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), one co-receptor (Orco), six odorant receptors (ORs), four ionotropic receptors (IRs), and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) in the proboscis. Notably, seven OBPs, two CSPs, and one OR were discovered for the first time. Additionally, fourteen genes related to metabolism, including cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and carboxylesterases (CXEs), were also identified. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis was conducted on the relative transcript levels of eight related genes. The expression of 21 annotated chemosensory and metabolic genes was compared between A. lepigone adults and larvae using qRT-PCR, revealing tissue specificity. The majority of genes exhibited predominant expression in the antennae and proboscis during the adult stage, while showing slight expression in the combination of sixth-instar larval head oral appendages (maxilla, labium, and antenna) and pheromone gland-ovipositors of female adults. Results/discussion: Our study points to a new pest control strategies that these newly discovered genes have the potential to serve as targets for enhancing future pest control, including mating disruption and the use of food attractants. And it would be advantageous to ascertain the distribution of chemosensory gene expression and gain insights into the functionalities of these genes, thereby establishing a novel theoretical framework for the advancement of eco-friendly pesticides and efficient pest management strategies in the future.

Haze is an important medium for the spread of rotavirus.

This study investigated whether the rotavirus infection rate in children is associated with temperature and air pollutants in Hangzhou, China. This study applied a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to assess the effects of daily meteorological data and air pollutants on the rotavirus positive rate among outpatient children. There was a negative correlation between temperature and the rotavirus infection rate. The impact of temperature on the detection rate of rotavirus presented an evident lag effect, the temperature change shows the greatest impact on the detection rate of rotavirus approximate at lag one day, and the maximum relative risk (RR) was approximately 1.3. In 2015, the maximum cumulative RR due to the cumulative effect caused by the temperature drop was 2.5. Particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and PM10 were the primary air pollutants in Hangzhou. The highest RR of rotavirus infection occurred at lag 1-1.5 days after the increase in the concentration of these pollutants, and the RR increased gradually with the increase in concentration. Based on the average concentrations of PM2.5 of 53.9 µg/m(3) and PM10 of 80.6 µg/m(3) in Hangzhou in 2015, the cumulative RR caused by the cumulative effect was 2.5 and 2.2, respectively. The current study suggests that temperature is an important factor impacting the rotavirus infection rate of children in Hangzhou. Air pollutants significantly increased the risk of rotavirus infection, and dosage, lag and cumulative effects were observed.

Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus in China.

BACKGROUND: Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) is a rare disease, which is defined as the onset of diabetes before the age of 6 months with persistence through life. Infants with KCNJ11 or ABCC8 genetic mutations may respond to oral sulfonylurea therapy. Currently, there are limited studies about the genetic analysis and long-term follow-up of PNDM. CASE PRESENTATION: We report four cases of PNDM. None of the infants or their parents had INS, KCNJ11, or ABCC8 genetic mutations. One infant underwent continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and the other infants underwent multiple injections of insulin (MII). In these infants, PNDM persisted from 35 months to 60 months of follow-up. Three infants maintained fairly stable blood sugar levels, and one infant had poor sugar control. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that all of the infants with PNDM should undergo genetic evaluation. For infants without KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genetic mutations, oral sulfonylurea should not be considered as treatment. CSII is a useful method for overcoming the difficulties of diabetes, and it may also improve the quality of life of both infants and their parents.

Serum adiponectin, resistin levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children.

The objective is to investigate the relation between the levels of two serum adipocytokines (adiponectin and resistin) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children. In this study, 113 obese children were enrolled and divided into 3 groups. Obese group 1 was defined as obese children without any liver abnormality. Obese group 2 was defined as obese children just with fatty infiltration of the liver in ultrasonic appearance and obese group 3 was defined as obese children with liver function abnormality. The controls consisted of 37 nonobese children without endocrine, metabolic or kidney disease. The levels of serum adiponectin and resistin were measured by ELISA method. Insulin resistance by homeostasis model (HOMA-IR), area under curve of glucose (AUCG), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) were measured as well. In obese children, NAFLD were found in 63 cases (55.75%). Serum adiponectin levels of obese children were significantly lower than that of controls (3.63 vs 5.79 microg/mL, P<0.001) while serum resistin levels were not different (P = 0.876). Moreover, serum adiponectin levels in obese group 1 were significantly higher than that of group 2 and 3 (4.24 vs 3.37 and 3.12 microg/mL, all P<0.05) and no difference was found between obese group 2 and obese group 3 (P>0.05). Serum resistin levels among the three obese groups were 4.37 ng/mL, 3.72 ng/mL and 4.24 ng/mL without significant difference (P = 0.592). NAFLD, BMI, gender and HDL-cholesterol were independent determinants of serum adiponectin levels in children analyzed by multiple regression analysis, which explained 33% of the variance. Serum adiponectin levels were inversely associated with BMI, gender and NAFLD (all P<0.05) and were positively associated with HDL-cholesterol levels (P = 0.033). These results suggest that adiponectin might be a protective factor in NAFLD occurrence in obese children, and that the measurement of adiponectin should be part of the standard evaluation of the obese child and may help to evaluate the occurrence of NAFLD.