How does digital technology affect manufacturing upgrading? Theory and evidence from China.

Digital technology becomes the new engine of manufacturing upgrading. The article brings digital technology and manufacturing in global value chain into the same analytical framework, measures development level of digital technology by using World Input-Output Database data, Theoretical analysis shows that impact of digital technology on manufacturing upgrading has innovation effect, resource allocation effect and penetration effect. Empirical test results show that (1) Digital technology level index of China's manufacturing industry increased from 0.286 in 2001 to 0.359 in 2014, The effect of digital technology on upgrading of Chinese manufacturing industry is significant positive at 5% level with influence coefficient of 0.129; Distinguish digital technology sources found that domestic digital technology is used in a large proportion, foreign digital technology is more efficient, the influence coefficients are 0.124 and 0.703 respectively, and both promote upgrading of manufacturing industry; (2) The role of digital technology varies among industries. The promotion effect on capital intensive industries and technology intensive industries is positive at 5% level, and influence coefficients are 0.124 and 0.108 respectively. It has significant positive impact on low-to-medium and medium-to-high technology manufacturing at 1% level with influence coefficients of 0.177 and 0.138 respectively. Therefore, China needs to accelerate deep integration of digital technology and manufacturing industry, and climb to the middle and high end of global value chain.

Temperature-triggered fluorocopolymer aggregate coating switching from antibacterial to antifouling and superhydrophobic hemostasis.

The multifunction antibacterial hemostatic materials can reduce blood loss, infection and wound complications, which probably decrease morbidity and health care costs. However, the contradictory relationship between antibacterial ability and biocompatibility, and the unnecessary blood loss restricts the practical application of hydrophilic cationic antibacterial hemostatic materials. Herein, a multifunctional temperature-triggered antibacterial hemostatic fluorocopolymer aggregate coating was developed. After self-assembly and quaternization process, the quaternized poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate)-b-poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate) block copolymers (PDMA-b-PFOEMA) aggregate coating consisting of fluoropolymer and quaternary ammonium salt were built. The synergistic effect on fluorinated block with low surface energy and quaternary ammonium salt block with bactericide activity severs the way of initial bacterial attachment and proliferation, while the migration of fluorinated block greatly promotes the biocompatibility and anti-adhesion performance in response to the switch from room temperature to physiological temperature. Furthermore, the fluorocopolymer aggregate coating with hydrophobic properties possessed the property of rapid coagulation, low blood loss, minor secondary bleeding and least bacteria infiltration. The multifunctional temperature-triggered fluorocopolymer aggregate coating with antifouling, antibacterial and hemostatic properties may have a great potential in the biomedical application.