ABSTRACT
In infant mortality estimates, using the Coale-Trussell procedure with information from 2 successive population censuses of a country, reveals differences in the levels for the overlapping years of periods. This paper deal with this problem using the 1974 and 1982 censuses of Ecuador. The contribution of his analysis consists in demonstrating that infant mortality in a given year--estimated from a specific age group--is a weighted average between zero mortality--women declaring no deaths among their children and mortality with a value different from zero--women declaring some child dead. The weighing values are the age structure of women according to the condition of having dead children and corrected by the mean parity of the corresponding age group. Looking at the structure--women with or without dead children--of both censuses, a strong increase in the proportion of women without dead children occurred in 1982 as compared with the proportion in 1974. In order to eliminate this lack of comparability a reweighing was introduced in the 1982 information. New estimates were obtained, and these are much closer to the estimates obtained from the 1974 census.
Subject(s)
Age Factors , Censuses , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Infant Mortality , Parity , Research Design , Statistics as Topic , Americas , Birth Rate , Demography , Developing Countries , Ecuador , Fertility , Latin America , Mortality , Population , Population Characteristics , Population Dynamics , Research , South AmericaABSTRACT
PIP: The feasibility of extending a capitalization retirement system to an entire population is considered. The author discusses the arguments that have been made against such a system, involving the need to accumulate sufficient capital and the proportion of interest accumulated by the system, and finds them unconvincing. It is suggested that a capitalization system is particularly attractive in a society with a slow rate of population growth. (summary in ENG)^ieng
Subject(s)
Demography , Economics , Public Policy , Retirement , Social Welfare , Employment , Population , Social Class , Socioeconomic FactorsSubject(s)
Developing Countries , Employment , Fertility , Demography , Economics , Health Workforce , Latin America , Population , Population Dynamics , Social Class , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
En la primera parte de este trabajo, se hace una breve revisión, esquemática, de los elementos más importantes del aparato teórico que han de tenerse en cuenta para la discusión del tema que ha sido motivo de estudio. Allí se dejan planteados dos enunciados de Marx: la ley de población inherente al sistema capitalista; esto es, cualquiera que sea la dinámica demográfica de la población, el sistema genera siempre una superpoblación relativa que es resultado y palanca de la acumulación del capital. Ley que surge, por necesidad, del movimiento interno del sistema como tal, y en este sentidoes una ley de población particular, aplicable sólo al sistema capitalista. Al mismo tiempo Marx enuncia otro principio más general: "todo régimen histórico concreto tiene sus leyesde población propias, leyes que rigen de un modo históricamente concreto" (AU)