ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of postnatal nutritional rehabilitation on the craniofacial growth in rats with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following groups: control, Sham-operated, and IUGR. The IUGR was produced by uterine vessels bending (day 14 of pregnancy). At days 1, 21, 42, 63, and 84 of postnatal life, each animal was X-rayed, and neural and facial length, width and height were measured. Volumetric and morphometric indices were calculated. RESULTS: The decreased maternal-fetal blood flow during the last-third of the gestation period modified cranial size and shape of both sexes at birth. DISCUSSION: Postnatal nutritional rehabilitation is not fully sufficient to reverse the prenatal growth retardation. There are specific responses depending on the sex and the age of the IUGR pups. Regardless of the changes in size, the shape is not modified during all the postnatal period.
Subject(s)
Facial Bones/growth & development , Fetal Growth Retardation/rehabilitation , Nutritional Support/methods , Pregnancy, Animal , Skull/growth & development , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnostic imaging , Male , Pregnancy , Radiography , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el tipo y magnitud deasimetrías craneofaciales a partir del análisis cefalométrico de planos múltiples.Se trabajó con una muestra de 207 individuos de ambos sexos de 18 a22 años, que fueron radiografiados en plano frontal con incidencia posteroanterior.Sobre cada radiografía se realizaron tres calcos tomando como referenciaestructuras en tres planos: A (superficial), B (medio) y C (profundo).Se trazó una línea media virtual. Las líneas medias reales fueron superpuestascomparadas con la línea media virtual, determinándose así la dirección yla magnitud de la desviación en cada plano. Estos individuos fueron radiografiadosen plano basal. Sobre cada radiografía se realizaron tres calcostomando como referencia estructuras en tres planos diferentes: A (orbital),B (maxilar) y C (mandibular). Se trazó una línea media virtual que se comparócon la línea media real. Plano frontal: Los resultados indicaron una mayorfrecuencia de desviación hacia la derecha en los tres planos, siendo estas desviacionesmayores en el plano B, respecto de los planos C y A tanto en direccióncomo en magnitud. Plano basal: Los resultados indicaron una mayorfrecuencia de desviación hacia la izquierda en los tres planos, siendo estasdesviaciones mayores en el plano C, respecto de los planos B y A tanto endirección como en magnitud. Estos resultados muestran la generalidad delas asimetrías craneofaciales y resaltan la importancia de su estudio para ladetección de patologías de crecimiento craneofacial(AU)
The aim of this study was to determine the type andmagnitude of craniofacial asymmetry by multiplanar cephalometricanalysis. The sample comprised 207 subjects of both sexes aged18 to 22 years, who were radiographed in the frontal plane atposteroanterior incidence. Three separate acetate tracings weremade on the same radiograph based on three planar structures:A (superficial), B (intermediate), C (deep). A virtual midline wastraced. Real midlines were overlapped and compared with the virtualmidline to determine the type and magnitude of the deviation oneach plane.The subjects were radiographed on the transverse plane. Threeseparate acetate tracings were made on the same radiograph basedon three planar structures: A (orbital), B (maxillary superior), C(maxillary inferior). A virtual midline was traced and compared withthe real midline.Frontal plane: Results indicated a greater frequency of right deviationin the three planes, B being the plane with the largest percentageof deviation (type and magnitude) compared to C and A.Transverse plane: Results indicated a greater frequency of left deviationin the three planes, C being the plane with the largest percentageof deviation (type and magnitude) compared to B and A.These results show that craniofacial asymmetry was widespreadand emphasize the importance of its study in the detection ofcraniofacial growth pathology(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Facial Asymmetry/diagnosis , Facial Asymmetry/physiopathology , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Cephalometry/instrumentation , Cephalometry/methods , Facial Asymmetry , Cephalometry/statistics & numerical data , Cephalometry/trends , Cephalometry , Skull , Growth and Development/physiologyABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to analyze the action of growth hormone (GH) on postnatal body weight recovery in intrauterine growth-retarded (IUGR) rats. Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: 1) control; 2) IUGR and 3) sham-operated. Uterine vessels of dams in the IUGR group were partially bent on the 14th day of pregnancy. At weaning, some IUGR pups were randomly selected and injected with GH (3 mg/kg/day), up to the 60th day. A standard diet ad libitum was available to mothers and offspring. The animals were weighed and food intake was recorded weekly. The weight gained velocity and relative food intake (RFI) was calculated. IUGR animals showed significant lower body weights than the control group. GH treatment allowed body weight recovery in IUGR rats. In females, body weight increased 14 days before males, and the former had greater RFI values. In conclusion, our results indicated differences in sexual responses to GH treatment. There is a need for more research on the mechanisms involved in that sexual difference.
Subject(s)
Body Weight/drug effects , Fetal Growth Retardation/drug therapy , Growth Hormone/pharmacology , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Eating , Female , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to assess the catch-up growth in the postcranial skeleton of intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) rats. Male and female Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following groups: controls, sham-operated, IUGR. The IUGR was produced by uterine vessels bending (day 14th of pregnancy). Trunk, pelvis, femur and humerus were measured on Rx of each animal, from I to 84 days of age. Data were processed by repeated analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test. The reduced placental blood flow disturbed the skeletal growth in pups, with the axial skeleton relatively more affected than the bones of the extremities. The catch up only took place in femur length of both sexes. The widths of long bones remained significantly retarded. We concluded that nutritional rehabilitation during the postnatal period might not be enough to allow a complete growth recovery.
