ABSTRACT
PURPOSE AND METHOD: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine involved in the macrophage infiltration of tumor tissue. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a population of mononuclear phagocytic cells that can have a complex function in tumor biology. The aim of this study was to determine the possible correlation between parenchymal MCP-1 expression and TAM level by immunohistochemical analysis of 97 invasive ductal breast carcinomas, not otherwise specified (NOS), and to investigate their relation with tumor size, histological grade, mitotic activity index (MAI) and lymph node status. Secondly, the MCP-1 mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in eight samples of normal breast tissue and 27 samples of invasive breast carcinomas and compared with TAMs. RESULTS: MCP-1 immunoreactivity was present in tumor cells (17/97), but also in TAMs, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The statistical analysis did not show a significant correlation between MCP-1 expression in tumoral epithelium and tumor size, histological grade, MAI, lymph node status or TAMs. The results of RT-PCR showed that, in all cases of breast carcinomas (27/27) and the majority of normal breast tissues (7/8), the number of detected MCP-1 cDNA copies was above the detection limit. However, carcinomas showed higher levels of MCP-1 mRNA than normal breast tissue. Nevertheless, the statistical analysis did not find a significant correlation between MCP-1 expression and macrophage infiltrations. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that MCP-1 is probably not the only and/or crucial factor involved in macrophage attraction to tumor locus in breast carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism , Chemokine CCL2/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , Breast/metabolism , Breast/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology , Chemokine CCL2/genetics , DNA/genetics , DNA/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/pathology , Female , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Fibroblasts/pathology , Humans , Macrophages/pathology , Prognosis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
We report a rare case of a 46-year-old woman developing endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) on the grounds of extrauterine endometriosis. The patient presented with symptoms of stenosis of the rectosygmoid colon. The tissue samples were submitted to histological and immunohistochemical analyses using antibodies for indirect staining. The trial showed multiple foci of endometriosis and mesenchymal malignant tissue described as ESS in the bowel wall, mesentery and in the remnants of the left adnexae. According to our findings, we suspect that ESS might have arisen in colon endometriosis.
Subject(s)
Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal/diagnosis , Colonic Diseases/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Endometrial Neoplasms/complications , Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology , Endometrial Neoplasms/surgery , Endometriosis/complications , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal/complications , Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal/pathology , Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal/surgeryABSTRACT
A case of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the right humerus which occurred in a 21-year-old male patient after an impact to the right shoulder in a car accident in July 1983 is described. Seventeen years after the injury, due to a civil lawsuit, the biopsy material was revised. Immunohistochemical analysis showed CD20 and CD79a positivity on large pleomorphic cells, while small reactive lymphocytes were CD3, Bcl-2 and CD20 positive. Molecular analysis carried out with PCR revealed a monoclonal B-lymphocyte population. The diagnosis of diffuse large peripheral B cell lymphoma of the bone was confirmed. The present case concurs with the literature on primary bone lymphoma, in which the diagnostic problem, trauma-related presentation and an excellent prognosis of malignant tumour are emphasized.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis , Bone Neoplasms/etiology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology , Accidents, Traffic , Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism , Antigens, CD/biosynthesis , Antigens, CD20/biosynthesis , B-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Biopsy , CD3 Complex/biosynthesis , CD79 Antigens , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Immunophenotyping , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prognosis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/biosynthesis , Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/biosynthesis , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnosisABSTRACT
Depth of invasion and stage of the disease are well known prognostic indicators in cutaneous melanoma (CM). However, the role of other parameters, such as the variations in cytomorphology of melanocyte tumours, mitotic activity and angiogenesis is still open to question. The aim of this study was to analyse proliferation by mitotic activity index (MAI) and immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the intensity of neovascularization (microvessel density; MVD) in CM clinical stage I in relation to epithelioid, spindle and nevoid cell type, histological type (superficial spreading melanoma and nodular melanoma), Clark's level and Breslow thickness. Finally, the role of all parameters in the prognosis of CM was evaluated. Statistical analysis demonstrated that cytological characteristics of CM correlate only with Clark's level, while histological types correlate with MAI, PCNA and MVD. MAI and PCNA also showed correlation between groups according to Clark's level and Breslow thickness. Finally, tumour cell PCNA was found to correlate with MVD. Survival of patients with CM correlated significantly with MAI. These results suggest that cytological variation, histological type, PCNA and MVD alone are not independent prognostic parameters, whereas MAI is a potentially important prognostic marker in CM.
