ABSTRACT
El control voluntario de la natalidad, el hecho de poder establecer el mejor momento de la gestación en función de la actividad de la enfermedad y la necesidad de evitar el embarazo debido a la indicación de fármacos potencialmente teratógenos constituyen las razones principales para la utilización de métodos contraceptivos en pacientes afectas de enfermedades reumáticas. En este artículo se revisan los posibles riesgos durante el embarazo de las medicaciones utilizadas en reumatología y los diversos métodos contraceptivos disponibles actualmente. En los últimos años se ha producido un mejor conocimiento de la seguridad de los métodos contraceptivos hormonales con datos especialmente relevantes de su utilización en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. La evolución de la contracepción hormonal con nuevas vías de administración como la transdérmica, la intravaginal y los dispositivos intrauterinos o los implantes liberadores de progestágenos han significado avances evidentes en este campo. La implicación del reumatólogo, como responsable de la atención de estos pacientes, es requerida con mayor frecuencia y el conocimiento de todos los métodos disponibles, con todas sus ventajas, desventajas y efectos adversos ayudará a facilitar información para que la pareja pueda escoger en cada caso la mejor opción(AU)
Voluntary birth control, the ability to identify the best moment for becoming pregnant depending on disease activity, and the need to avoid conception during the administration of teratogenic drugs are the main reasons for the use of contraceptive methods among women with rheumatic diseases. This article reviews the risks that antirheumatic drugs represent during conception, pregnancy and lactation and the contraceptive methods that are currently available to patients. Hormonal therapy has developed considerably and can further our understanding of safety aspects, especially for systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Recently the methods of administration have evolved, and now include transdermal and intravaginal routes, a progesterone-releasing intrauterine device, and an extended-cycle oral contraceptive. Rheumatologists work increasingly in conjunction with patients to assist in choices regarding contraceptive methods and pregnancy planning. Each decision should be individualized according to the personal preference and the stage of reproductive life(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Teratogens/analysis , Contraceptive Agents/adverse effects , Rheumatic Diseases/complications , Risk Factors , Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy , Drug Interactions , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Methotrexate/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Voluntary birth control, the ability to identify the best moment for becoming pregnant depending on disease activity, and the need to avoid conception during the administration of teratogenic drugs are the main reasons for the use of contraceptive methods among women with rheumatic diseases. This article reviews the risks that antirheumatic drugs represent during conception, pregnancy and lactation and the contraceptive methods that are currently available to patients. Hormonal therapy has developed considerably and can further our understanding of safety aspects, especially for systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Recently the methods of administration have evolved, and now include transdermal and intravaginal routes, a progesterone-releasing intrauterine device, and an extended-cycle oral contraceptive. Rheumatologists work increasingly in conjunction with patients to assist in choices regarding contraceptive methods and pregnancy planning. Each decision should be individualized according to the personal preference and the stage of reproductive life.
