Oral cancer knowledge in adults evaluated through a phone survey in the context of the SARS-CoV2 health emergency in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: in Colombia, oral cancer is the eighth most common type of cancer, with an estimated survival rate of 52%. Lack of knowledge about oral cancer and its risk factors is associated with late detection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 268 patients attending the School of Dentistry of the University of Antioquia clinics, to whom a validated 47-question questionnaire was applied by phone during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021). Data were analyzed using the SPSS software. RESULTS: the mean age was 58.9. 58.6% of the participants had heard of oral cancer, 42% acquire knowledge from the media, and 96.7% considered screening necessary. Most of the patients expressed not feeling worried (54.5%), fearful (59.7%), or anxious (56.3%) in the case of being submitted to an examination for early detection of oral cancer. A correlation between low socioeconomic status and educational level with less knowledge of oral cancer was found. The dimensions of experience and attitude towards screening were not associated with sociodemographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: There is little knowledge about oral cancer, especially in low socioeconomic and educational status, although this does not occur in the dimensions of attitude and experience toward screening. In contrast, patients participating in this study presented high knowledge about oral cancer risk. This population recognizes the situations most related to the development of cancer. This level of knowledge was similar for the demographic conditions except for people with no education, who presented less knowledge of the risks. The need for educational campaigns on oral cancer knowledge is reaffirmed, especially in socially disadvantaged groups, considering that there would be no barriers related to screening.

Intraoperative recordings of electromyogenic responses from the human stapedius muscle.

Following surgical implantation of a cochlear implant, the external processor must be programmed individually, which is typically achieved by behavioral measurements, with the user indicating the perceived loudness between the threshold and the maximum comfort levels (MCLs). However, the stapedius reflex measurement could be used instead, as the basis for programming the fitting maps. The electrically evoked stapedius reflex threshold is known to have a high correlation with the MCLs and thus is used as an objective tool to determine the MCL, especially in children and non-cooperative patients. Previous studies demonstrated that the electromyogenic (EMG) activity of the stapedius muscle could be measured to determine stapedius reflex responses. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that intraoperative EMG recordings from the stapedius muscle could be performed with an EMG recording electrode designed for chronical implantation. Ten adult subjects with single sided deafness (SSD) participated in this study. The study was split up into a pre-, intra- and postoperative phase. In the preoperative phase the subjects were screened for the presence of the acoustic stapedius reflex by using a standard tympanometer in the ear to be implanted, while the contralateral ear was stimulated acoustically. During the intraoperative phase an EMG recording electrode was placed in the stapedius muscle and EMG responses were recorded during acoustical and electrical stimulation. The surgical procedure consisted of two interconnected procedures: A classical surgical approach for cochlear implantation with two additional surgical steps, and the temporary placement of an EMG recording electrode in the stapedius muscle made through an opening in the pyramidal eminence, allowing EMG recordings. The postoperative phase was used to evaluate the preservation of the stapedius reflex postoperatively at 1- and 6-months with contralateral acoustic and ipsilateral electrical stimulation. The EMG recording electrode could successfully be placed in the stapedius muscle in all subjects and was able to reliably record EMG signals from the stapedius muscle elicited by acoustic and electrical stimulation. Overall, EMG recordings were obtained intraoperatively in all subjects tested (8 out of 8 subjects). Contralateral acoustic stapedius reflexes were obtained in 6 out of 8 subjects and ipsilateral electrical stapedius reflex in 7 out of 8 subjects. In the postoperative phase, the preservation of the postoperative reflex was observed in 6 out of 10 subjects 1-month after surgery and in 8 out of 10 subjects 6-months after surgery. The study showed that intraoperative EMG recordings from the stapedius muscle can be performed with an EMG recording electrode designed for chronical implantation. The minimally invasive procedure is promising; in particular with regard to the future perspective of measurements in the long-term with an integrated closed-loop self-fitting system.

Development of Ureteral Stenosis/Obstruction in Kidney Transplant.

This retrospective study describes the incidence and prevalence of ureteral stenosis/obstruction (US/O) in a cohort of 334 renal transplants recipients in our center over the last 5 years and evaluates the risk factors that may influence the occurrence of US/O. The parameters studied included the following: history of prostate disease, smoking, urinary tract infection, renal lithiasis, ureterovesical reflux, presence and level of polar artery, type of ureterovesical anastomosis, delayed graft function, double J catheter, lymphocele, urinoma, acute rejection, prolonged catheterization, post-transplant infravesical obstruction and BK virus infection, age of the donor and recipient, and months on dialysis. Also evaluated were the nadir creatinine and instances of cold ischemia, asystole, reanastomosis, and double J catheter removal. The average incidence of US/O was 7.6% and was significantly correlated with factors of alteration of the uretero-bladder dynamics without finding a relation to vascular factors.

Renal Transplant Immunosuppression in Patients With Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Four Case Reports.

A high rate of recurrence has been described in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome renal transplant recipients, favored by certain immunosuppressant drugs that can induce complement activation. We present four case series in which three patients were diagnosed pretransplantation and a fourth who had onset in the very early post-transplantation period. The patients received different immunosuppression schedules, and all had improvement after more than 2-years. We suggest the need to stratify the risk of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome recurrence using genetic studies and the available drugs as the main factors that allow graft survival improvement today.

Drug use in adolescents in relation to social support and reactive and proactive aggressive behavior.

BACKGROUND: Aggressive behavior in adolescents, along with drug use, has become one of the great issues in education in recent years, among other things, due to its relationship with school failure and delinquency. The purpose of this paper was to find out whether social support fulfils a basic role in decision-making on drug use and the behavior of adolescents. METHOD: 822 high school students participated in the study (M = 14.84, SD = 0.87). Data were collected with the Peer Conflict Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and an ad hoc questionnaire on drug use. RESULTS: The results show that drug use is significantly related to reactive and proactive aggressive behavior. It was also observed that higher use is significantly related to perceived social support by the peer group, and less support by family. DISCUSSION: It was shown that substance use is related to perceived social support by the adolescent’s peer group and to aggressive behavior. It is therefore necessary to intervene in both respects to avoid the presence of substance use in schools.

Acoso laboral entre personal de enfermería / Mobbing among nursing staff / Assédio laboral entre trabalhadores de enfermagem

Objetivo Analizar los trabajos, sobre el acoso entre profesionales de enfermería: prevalencia, factores de riesgo y consecuencias. Método: Revisión sistemática de las publicaciones científicas sobre el acoso entre el personal de enfermería, en la última década. Se consultaron diferentes bases de datos nacionales (Dialnet, ISOC Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, IME Biomedicina) e internacionales (CINHAL, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed Central), así como directorios de revistas con acceso abierto (DOAJ). En todos los casos, se limitó la búsqueda al intervalo 2005-2014. Los criterios establecidos fueron: 1) estudios que analicen el acoso laboral entre el personal de enfermería; 2) cualquier diseño metodológico; 3) que aporten datos empíricos sobre el estado de la cuestión; 4) con acceso al texto completo; y 5) escritos en inglés, español o portugués. De un total de 96 publicaciones, fueron seleccionadas 18. Resultados: Los resultados muestran una prevalencia de acoso, entre el personal de enfermería, en torno al 17-20%. Se identifican factores de riesgo como: edad inferior a 30 años, corta trayectoria profesional, y trabajar en determinadas unidades o turnos. Las consecuencias para la víctima fueron: problemas psicológicos, bajo rendimiento y deterioro de relaciones sociales. Conclusiones: Destacar la escasa producción científica sobre el tema y la necesidad de desarrollar instrumentos, que permitan una evaluación ajustada de las conductas de intimidación y acoso, entre profesionales de la enfermería.

Objective To analyze studies on mobbing among nursing professionals, risk factors, and consequences. Method: This is a systematic review of scientific works on mobbing among nursing staff published during the last decade (2005-2014). National (Dialnet, ISOC Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, IME Biomedicina) and international (CINHAL, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed Central) databases, as well as directories of open access journals were consulted. Established criteria were: 1) studies analyzing mobbing among nursing staff; 2) any methodological design; 3) offering empirical data on the topic; 4) access to the full text; 5) written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. From a total of 96 studies identified, 18 were finally selected. Results: The findings show a prevalence of mobbing among nursing staff of around 17-20%. Risk factors such as age younger than 30 years old, brief professional trajectory, and being working in specific units or shifts were identified. Among the consequences, psychological problems, low productivity, and social relations deteriorations were identified. Conclusions: It is important to highlight the scanty scientific production on the topic, and also the necessity to develop instruments which allow an adequate assessment of harassment conducts among nursing professionals.

Objetivo Analisar os trabalhos sobre o assédio entre profissionais de enfermagem: prevalência, fatores de risco e consequências. Método: Revisão sistemática das publicações científicas sobre o assédio entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem na última década. Consultaram-se diferentes bases de dados nacionais (Dialnet ISOC Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, IME Biomedicina) e internacionais (CINHAL, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed Central), assim como diretórios de revistas com livre acesso (DOAJ). Em todos os casos, limitou-se à busca do intervalo de 2005-2014. Os critérios estabelecidos foram: 1) estudos que analisem o assédio laboral entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem, 2) qualquer desenho metodológico, 3) que aportem dados empíricos sobre o estado da questão, 4) com acesso ao texto completo, e, 5) escritos em inglês, espanhol e português. De um total de 96 publicações, foram escolhidas 18. Resultados: Os resultados mostram uma prevalência de assédio, entre os trabalhadores de enfermagem, em volta a 17-20%. Identificam-se fatores de risco como: idade inferior a 30 anos, curta trajetória professional, e trabalhar em determinadas unidades ou turnos. As consequências para a vítima foram: problemas psicológicos, baixo rendimento e deterioro de relações sociais. Conclusões: Destacar a escassa produção científica de enfermagem sobre o tema, e a necessidade de desenvolver instrumentos, que permitam uma avaliação ajustada das condutas de intimidação e assédio, entre profissionais da enfermagem.

Salud percibida y salud real: prevalencia en las personas mayores de 60 años / Perceived health and real health: prevalence among persons aged 60 and older / Saúde percebida e saúde real: prevalência nas pessoas idosas de 60 anos

Objetivo: Analizar el estado de salud de la población mayor de 60 años y la relación que existe entre la autopercepción de la salud que tienen las personas mayores y su salud real; se valoró la mediación en esta relación de aspectos sociodemográficos como la edad y el género. Método: Diseño descriptivo, transversal, de prevalencia. Localización: 15 centros de día y 10 residencias de la provincia de Almería (España). Participantes: 1,220 personas mayores de 60 años (M = 70.9; DT = 7.9), de los cuales el 48.3% son hombres y el 51.7% mujeres. Mediciones: Se analizó el género, la edad, el estado civil, la presencia o no de diferentes enfermedades y problemas de salud, y el nivel de salud percibido. Resultados: Los problemas de salud relacionados con los huesos y articulaciones son los más frecuentes. Existen diferencias significativas (p = 0.000) en la percepción de la salud entre ambos géneros; los hombres tienen una mejor percepción de su salud. Hay una relación negativa y significativa (p < 0.001) entre la edad y la percepción de la salud. Tanto el número de enfermedades (r2 = 0.251) como la edad (r2 = 0.010) y el género (r2 = 0.002) forman parte del modelo explicativo de la percepción de salud. Conclusiones: El número de enfermedades, la edad y el género son variables que explican una cuarta parte de la variable subjetiva salud percibida, por tanto ofrecen indicios de poder ser utilizadas en la planificación de las políticas sanitarias.

Objective: To analyze the health of the population aged 60 and older, and the relationship between their perception of their health and their real condition. The relationship with social-demographic issues such as gender was also assessed. Method: Descriptive, transversal and prevalence study of 15 Day and 10 Residential Centers in the province of Almería (Spain), with 1,220 persons aged 60 and older (M = 70.9, SD = 7.9), 48.3% male and 51.7% female. Measurements Gender, age, civil status, and the presence of pathologies and health problems, as well as the perceived health level were all assessed. Results: Health problems related to bones and articulations were the most reported. There are significant differences (P=0.000) in the perception of health between both genders; males have a better perception of their health. There is a negative and significant relation (P < .001) between age and the perception of health. The number of illnesses (r2 = 0.251), age (r2 = 0.010), and gender (r2 = 0.002) are all part of the explicative model of the perception of health. Conclusions: The number of illnesses, age, and gender are variables which explain a quarter of the subjective perception of health variable, and thus, they indicate a possible use in the planning of health policies.

Objetivo: Analisar o estado de saúde da população idosa de 60 anos e, a relação que existe entre a auto percepção da saúde que realizam as pessoas idosas e a sua saúde real. Valorizou-se a intermediação de aspetos sócio demográficos como a idade e o género. Método: Desenho descritivo, transversal de prevalência. Localização: 15 centros de dia e 10 moradias da província de Almería (na Espanha). Participantes: 1220 pessoas idosas de 60 anos (M = 70.9; DT = 7.9), das quais o 48.3% são homens e o 51.7% são mulheres. Medições Analisou-se o género, a idade, o estado civil, a presença e a não presença de diferentes patologias e problemas de saúde e, o nível de saúde percebido. Resultados: Os problemas de saúde relacionados com os ossos e as articulações são os mais frequentes. Existem diferenças significativas (p = 0.000) na percepção de saúde entre ambos os géneros, os homens têm uma melhor percepção da sua saúde. Há uma relação negativa e significativa (p < 0.001) entre a idade e a percepção da saúde. Tanto o número de doenças (r2 = 0.251) como a idade (r2 = 0.010) e o género (r2 = 0.002) formam parte do modelo explicativo da percepção da saúde. Conclusõeso: O número de doenças, a idade e o género são variáveis que explicam uma quarta parte da variável subjetiva "saúde percebida", portanto, oferecem índicios de poderem ser utilizadas na planificação de políticas sanitárias.

Evolution of left ventricular mass in renal transplant recipients: the influence of glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy, considered an independent factor for cardiovascular mortality, is frequent among renal transplant recipients (RTR), in whom we investigated changes in left ventricular mass (LVM) after grafting and associations with possible causal factors, especially glucose metabolism and oxidative stress. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 37 RTR without prior diabetes mellitus who were evaluated at three times after transplantation (medians of 0.6, 16 and 28 months) by means of the LVM index (LVMI, echocardiographic measure of LVM related to body surface area, g/m(2)), oral glucose tolerance test and determinations of malondialdehyde and total glutathione (GSH), as well as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimate by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. We calculated the overall increment (DeltaLVMI) and percent change of LVMI. Patients were diagnosed to be prediabetic (PD) or new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) according to ADA criteria. RESULTS: The mean LVMI decreased significantly over time among whole group baseline = 108.34 ± 27.71 g/m(2) versus middle: 100.03 ± 27.53 g/m(2) versus final: 90.62 ± 24.06 g/m(2) (P = .000). However, 13.5% of subjects showed an increased LVMI and 59.5%, a decrease less than 20%. Patients with NODAT at the end of the study showed a positive DeltaLVMI, which was negative in nondiabetics (0.24 ± 16.14 versus -19.86 ± 12.61 g/m(2), P = .018). Compared with DeltaLVMI(-) recipients, patients with DeltaLVMI(+) showed a greater proportion of PD and NODAT at baseline (60% and 40% versus 18.8% and 12.5%, P = .017), and significantly higher all-time fasting glycemia, lower estimated GFR, and greater increments of malondialdehyde and GSH over time. Those with a <20% LVMI decrease experienced progressive GFR impairment over time, as opposed to those with an LVMI decrease > 20%, who showed greater and improving GFR over the whole study. CONCLUSIONS: LVMI does not always improve in RTR; the evolution of ventricular mass after renal transplantation is influenced by glucose metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and graft function.

Lactobacillus plantarum CECT7315 and CECT7316 stimulate immunoglobulin production after influenza vaccination in elderly.

OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing illness is lower in the elderly; this is why the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315/7316 to stimulate the response to influenza vaccination in elderly was evaluated. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human trial including 60 institutionalized volunteers aged 65-85 years was performed. All the volunteers were vaccinated with a trivalent influenza vaccine (A/Wisconsin/67/2005 NYMC X-161B (H3N2), A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1) and B/Malaysia/2506/2004) for the Spanish vaccine campaign 2006/2007. The consumption of the probiotic began between three and four months after the vaccination. Volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three following groups: group A (receiving 5*10(9) cfu/day of L. plantarum CECT 7315/7316 in 20 g powdered skim milk), group B (receiving 5*10(8) cfu/day of L. plantarum CECT 7315/7316 in 20 g powdered skim milk) and group C or placebo (20 g powered skim milk). The participants consumed the probiotic during 3 months. RESULTS: The consumption of L. plantarum CECT 7315/7316 during 3 months after influenza vaccination increased the levels of influenza-specific IgA and IgG antibodies. Moreover, a trend towards an increase in influenza-specific IgM antibodies was also observed. CONCLUSION: L. plantarum CECT7315/7316 has an immunostimulating effect and could be used to improve the response to influenza vaccination in elderly.

Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315 and CECT 7316 isolated from faeces of healthy children.

AIMS: Not all lactic acid bacteria possess the ability to confer health benefits for the host. Thus, it becomes necessary to screen and characterize numerous strains to obtain ideal probiotics. Here, two Lactobacillus plantarum strains (CECT 7315 and CECT 7316) were isolated and characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS: In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out for demonstrating the abilities as probiotics of CECT 7315/CECT 7316 Lact. plantarum strains. Both strains showed high ability to survive at gastro-intestinal tract conditions and to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells, as well as great inhibitory activity against a wide range of enteropathogens and ability to induce the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315/CECT 7316 because of their potential probiotic properties could be excellent candidates for being tested in clinical trials aimed to demonstrate beneficial effects on human health. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Probiotics are live micro-organisms that confer a health benefit for the host. However, not all the lactic acid bacteria possess the ability to confer health benefits for the host. In this study, two Lact. plantarum strains (CECT 7315 and CECT 7316) were isolated and characterized to demonstrate their excellent qualities as potential probiotic strains.

Effect of pH and level of concentrate in the diet on the production of biohydrogenation intermediates in a dual-flow continuous culture.

Milk fat depression in cows fed high-grain diets has been related to an increase in the concentration of trans-10 C(18:1) and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk. These fatty acids (FA) are produced as a result of the alteration in rumen biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated FA. Because a reduction in ruminal pH is usually observed when high-concentrate diets are fed, the main cause that determines the alteration in the biohydrogenation pathways is not clear. The effect of pH (6.4 vs. 5.6) and dietary forage to concentrate ratios (F:C; 70:30 F:C vs. 30:70 F:C) on rumen microbial fermentation, effluent FA profile, and DNA concentration of bacteria involved in lipolysis and biohydrogenation processes were investigated in a continuous culture trial. The dual-flow continuous culture consisted of 2 periods of 8 d (5 d for adaptation and 3 d for sampling), with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Samples from solid and liquid mixed effluents were taken for determination of total N, ammonia-N, and volatile fatty acid concentrations, and the remainder of the sample was lyophilized. Dry samples were analyzed for dry matter, ash, neutral and acid detergent fiber, FA, and purine contents. The pH 5.6 reduced organic matter and fiber digestibility, ammonia-N concentration and flow, and crude protein degradation, and increased nonammonia and dietary N flows. The pH 5.6 decreased the flow of C(18:0), trans-11 C(18:1) and cis-9, trans-11 CLA, and increased the flow of trans-10 C(18:1), C(18:2n-6), C(18:3n-3), trans-11,cis-15 C(18:2) and trans-10,cis-12 CLA in the 1 h after feeding effluent. The pH 5.6 reduced Anaerovibrio lipolytica (32.7 vs. 72.1 pg/10 ng of total DNA) and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens vaccenic acid subgroup (588 vs. 1,394 pg/10 ng of total DNA) DNA concentrations. The high-concentrate diet increased organic matter and fiber digestibility, nonammonia and bacterial N flows, and reduced ammonia-N concentration and flow. The high-concentrate diet reduced trans-11 C(18:1) and trans-10 C(18:1), and increased C(18:2n-6), C(18:3n-3) and trans-10,cis-12 CLA proportions in the 1 h after feeding effluent. The increase observed in trans-10,cis-12 CLA proportion in the 1 h after feeding effluent due to the high-concentrate diet was smaller that that observed at pH 5.6. Results indicate that the pH is the main cause of the accumulation of trans-10 C(18:1) and trans-10, cis-12 CLA in the effluent, but the trans-10,cis-12 CLA proportion can be also affected by high levels of concentrate in the diet.

Treatment with N-acetylcysteine in stable renal transplantation.

The primary cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplantation is cardiovascular disease. Increased oxidative stress implies a greater degree of atherogenesis in these patients. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) which has a thiol group that is the source of l-cysteine and reduced glutathione, acts against atherosclerosis via a decrease in apoptosis, vasoconstriction, and endothelial dysfunction. Experimental models have examined the antioxidant effects of NAC during and after ischemia-reperfusion, but few studies have shown an effect in renal transplantation in human beings. In 8 months, we studied the effect of NAC treatment on oxidative stress, lipids, and renal function in 25 patients with stable renal function and no diabetes after transplantation. Data were collected on oxidative parameters: malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, lipid profile, and renal function (creatinine concentration, Cockroft-Gault formula, and Modified Diet in Renal Disease study). There were no significant differences in oxidative profile before and after treatment with NAC. The mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction increased after treatment and showed a significant positive correlation with glutathione peroxidase (r = 0.495). Serum creatinine concentration decreased, and Cockroft-Gault and Modified Diet in Renal Disease study estimates of renal function increased in the treatment period. In conclusion, NAC treatment in patients with stable renal function after transplantation increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and antioxidant molecules in relation to glutathione peroxidase, with a positive influence on renal function.

Líneas celulares adenohipofisarias alfaT3-1, LBetaT2, RC-4B/C y MtTW-10: regulación y fisiología celular / Anterior pituitary cell lines alphaT3-1, LBetaT2, RC-4B/C and MtTW-10: regulation and cellular physiology

La adenohipófisis es un órgano bien estructurado y con una función claramente definida, que ofrece la posibilidad de estudiar los mecanismos que intervienen en la organogenia y el mantenimiento de funciones celulares específicas. Debido a la gran diversidad celular de esta glándula endocrina, la obtención de cultivos primarios altamente purificados de tipos celulares concretos a partir de este órgano es una tarea difícil. El desarrollo reciente de técnicas de oncogenia dirigida ha permitido la obtención de líneas celulares que mantienen fenotipos diferenciados específicos y que son una herramienta valiosa para el estudio de su biología celular. Estos sistemas permiten la investigación detallada de mecanismos celulares y moleculares que, de otra manera, resultarían difícilmente accesibles tanto in vivo como en cultivos primarios de células adenohipofisarias. De esta forma, líneas celulares, como alfaT3-1 y LBetaT2, representan estadios discretos del desarrollo y se caracterizan básicamente por la expresión de funciones diferenciadas del linaje de células gonadotropas. Junto con estos sistemas experimentales existen otros que muestran una población celular tan diversa como la observada en glándulas adenohipofisarias adultas, como ocurre en las líneas celulares RC-4B/C y MtTW-10. En este artículo presentamos una descripción resumida de cada una de las líneas mencionadas anteriormente (AU)

[Idiopathic purpura fulminans with transient protein S deficiency]. / Púrpura fulminante idiopática con déficit transitorio de proteína S.

Idiopathic purpura fulminans produces rapidly progressive hemorrhagic necrosis of the skin with disseminated intravascular coagulation in individuals without known abnormalities of the protein C pathway or acute infections. The disease mainly affects children and in 90 % of cases is preceded by a benign infection. Its pathogenesis involves a temporary autoimmune protein S deficiency that provokes a state of hypercoagulability. We present the case of a previously healthy 2-year-old boy with hemorrhagic skin lesions characteristic of purpura fulminans and disseminated intravascular coagulation without sepsis. Severe, temporary protein S deficiency was confirmed. The patient received daily replacement therapy with fresh frozen plasma for 12 days and anticoagulation with heparin for 3 months. Evolution was favorable. Although the other parameters returned to normal, protein S remained low for 50 days despite treatment. The patient has made a complete recovery.

Pneumonia in pigs induced by intranasal challenge exposure with pseudorabies virus and Pasteurella multocida.

The interaction between pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Pasteurella multocida was investigated to determine whether single or combined infections result in pneumonia in 6- to 7-week-old pigs. The effect of the PRV-P multocida challenge exposure on feed consumption, rate of gain, and extent of pneumonic lesions appeared dependent on the PRV dose; however, pneumonic lesions were of bacterial pneumonia. Pigs inoculated with a virulent strain of PRV plus P multocida developed severe pneumonia, whereas pigs given PRV only did not develop pneumonia. Modified-live PRV vaccine had no effect on the occurrence of pneumonia. Average daily gain was most depressed in pigs given the highest dose of virulent PRV plus P multocida.