Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the orbit without lacrimal gland involvement and with intracranial extension: A case report.

We present a 76-year-old female with a 6-year history of decreased vision in the right eye and right-sided facial neuralgia. She had a T1 isointense and T2 isointense enhancing lesion in the right orbit and the middle cranial fossa on MRI examination. Granulomatous disease or meningioma was suspected, however, after removal, the tumor was identified by pathology as adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). The tumor has no radiological and clinical lacrimal grand involvement. ACC shows a slow and indolent growth pattern but is associated with poor long-term outcomes, mainly due to perineural invasion, local control failure, and distant metastasis. This case highlights the importance of a pathologic diagnosis and early intervention in similar presentations.

Ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor arising in the sphenoid sinus with an avid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake masquerading as malignancy: A case report.

Ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are uncommon conditions that develop outside of the sella turcica. The sphenoid sinus is the most common site for ectopic PitNET, followed by the suprasellar region, clivus, and cavernous sinus. PitNETs, regardless of whether inside or outside sella, may display avid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and masquerade as malignant tumors. Herein, we report a case of ectopic PitNET arising in the sphenoid sinus, which was found as an FDG-avid mass during cancer screening. On magnetic resonance imaging, the tumor showed heterogeneous and intermediate signal intensity areas on T1- and T2-weighted images with cystic components, which was consistent with PitNET. The localization and the presence of empty sella were suggestive of ectopic PitNET, and the diagnosis of ectopic PitNET (prolactinoma) was confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Ectopic PitNET should be considered in a mass similar in nature to an orthogonal PitNET in areas near the sella turcica especially in patients with empty sella.

Construction of Quenchbodies to detect and image amyloid ß oligomers.

A quenchbody (Q-body) is an antibody-based biosensor that employs fluorescence quenching of the dye(s) attached to the antibody fragment, which are de-quenched upon antigen binding. In this study, we aimed to develop Fab type Q-bodies (UQ-bodies) to aid the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Characteristic senile plaques in AD consist of amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) generated from the amyloid precursor protein. Aß42, one of the major peptide forms, aggregates fast and manifests higher neurotoxicity. Recent studies showed that Aß oligomers, such as Aß-derived diffusible ligand (ADDL), are more toxic than fibrils. Thus, detection of Aß and its oligomers in body fluid might help detect deterioration caused by the disease. To this end, the Fab fragment of the anti-Aß antibody h12A11, which binds preferentially to ADDL, was expressed in Escherichia coli, and labeled with a fluorescent dye at the N terminus of either the heavy chain, or the heavy and light chains, via Cys-containing tag(s) to prepare UQ-bodies. As a result, the double-labeled UQ-bodies detected ADDL with higher sensitivity than that for the Aß peptide. In addition, the UQ-body could be used to image aggregated Aß with a low background, which suggested the potential of UQ-bodies as a fast bioimaging tool.