Association of obesity and diabetes with serum prostate-specific antigen levels in Japanese males.

Patients with diabetes have been reported to be at an increased risk for cancers of the pancreas, liver, and colon; however, recent studies have suggested that men with diabetes are at a decreased risk for prostate cancer. Previous studies have found that obese men have lower serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations than do non-obese men. Further understanding of how obesity and diabetes affect the PSA concentration may improve our ability to detect clinically relevant prostate tumors. This study examined the relationships among serum PSA level, obesity, and diabetes in apparently healthy Japanese males. We analyzed the baseline data from 2,172 Japanese males (age, 56.8 +/- 6.1 years [mean +/- SD]) who participated in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Diabetes was defined as the presence of both a hemoglobin A1c (JDS) of > or = 6.1% and a fasting plasma glucose level of > or = 126 mg/dL, or a positive medical history. After adjusting for age, the PSA levels were elevated among males with a higher normal BMI (ranging from 23.0 to 24.9) and lowered among men with a BMI of > or = 25.0. In the stratified analysis, these significant differences in BMI categories were absent among diabetics. The mean PSA levels were significantly lower in diabetics than in non-diabetics among subjects aged 60 and over. Our findings suggest that the pre-overweight men had increased PSA levels, and the diabetes was associated with a reduction of PSA levels in elderly.

Baseline data of Shizuoka area in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study (J-MICC Study).

The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study launched in 2005 by ten research groups throughout Japan aimed to examine gene-environment interactions in lifestyle-related diseases, especially cancers. This paper describes one component of the J-MICC Study, named Shizuoka Study, in which visitors aged 35 to 69 years to the Seirei Preventive Health Care Center in Hamamatsu were enrolled. Among 13,740 visitors matching eligibility criteria, 5,040 persons (36.7%) were enrolled from January 2006 to December 2007. Their lifestyle, disease history, and family history were surveyed using a self-administrated questionnaire. Blood and urine were collected from the participants. By the end of December 2008, 8 withdrawers and 1 ineligible participant had been removed, leaving 5,031 participants (3,419 males and 1,612 females) as the baseline dataset. Current smokers were 23.3% among males, and 4.4% among females, and those who drank once or more per month were 76.9% and 38.6%, respectively. Those with a cancer history were 3.0% for males and 3.8% for females. Measurements out of a normal range in males and females were 11.3% and 4.0% for diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg, 11.0% and 7.6% for systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg, 5.9% and 1.7% for fasting blood glucose > or = 126 mg/dl, respectively. Collected information and specimens will be cooperatively used to examine the associations of biomarkers with lifestyle, genotypes, and their combinations, as well as for a part of the J-MICC Study.