Visible negative pressure wound therapy for open abdominal management: A single-center retrospective study.

Aim: This study aimed to compare open abdominal management (OAM) between visible negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and commercial NPWT to determine whether NPWT can detect intestinal ischemia in its early stages without causing complications or worsening prognosis, and to determine whether the actual visualization results in early detection. Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent OAM with visible NPWT (A: 32 patients) and those who underwent OAM with commercial NPWT (B: 12 patients). We compared background factors, disease severity, vital signs, blood test values, and 28-day outcomes between the two groups. We also checked the records to determine how many visualized cases were detected early and operated on. We then examined the weaknesses of this method. Results: No differences were observed in the background factors or disease severity between the two groups. The duration of the open abdomen and intensive care unit stay were significantly shorter for group A than for group B. The groups showed no significant differences in lactate levels, 28-day outcomes, complications during OAM, or other factors. After a review of the medical records, ischemic progression was detected early, and surgery could be performed in seven cases in the visible NPWT group. The progression of ischemia was confirmed at the time of the second-look operation in two cases in the ascending colon. Conclusion: The visualization device allowed us to gain insights into the intra-abdominal cavity and determine the appropriate time for closing the abdomen without worsening the prognosis.

Near-fatal bleeding due to ruptured peripheral varicose vein that developed after previous orthopedic surgery: A case report.

This case highlights the necessity to inform patients with vein ligation about the possibility of varicose vein formation in the periphery and brings awareness to emergency staff that bleeding could be caused by a ruptured peripheral varicose vein.

Cytomegalovirus enteritis resistant to antiviral drugs improved following total colectomy.

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, often subclinical in childhood, is reactivated during a state of cell-mediated immunodeficiency. In cases of organ damage, patients can require medical treatment for an infectious disease, generally through the use of antiviral drugs. There are no reports of surgical treatment in cases, where infection was found, and medical treatment was difficult. We encountered a case of CMV enteritis that was difficult to treat because of resistance to antivirals but improved after total colectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy, 74-year-old woman visited a doctor with a chief complaint of watery diarrhea persisting for 2 weeks; she was transferred to our hospital because of hypoxemia and hypovolemic shock. Computed tomography scan indicated wall thickening over the entire colon and the patient was diagnosed with infectious colitis. Conservative and antibacterial therapies were started with fasting fluid replacement. Subsequently, bloody stools were observed 11 days after admission. Colonoscopy was then performed, which showed mucosal edema and longitudinal ulcer, while a histopathological examination of the colon mucosa revealed C7HRP positive on 22 days after admission. CMV enteritis was diagnosed, and the antiviral medication, ganciclovir, was started. Diseases causing immunosuppression and other possible causes of enteritis were also closely examined; however, all were negative. Furthermore, the patient's symptoms and her endoscopic findings did not improve with ganciclovir administration; therefore, the antiviral drug was changed to foscarnet. Unfortunately, the patient did not improve despite the additional administration of gamma globulin and methylprednisolone, and she was determined to have enteritis resistant to medical therapy. A total colon resection was performed 88 days after the admission. Her condition gradually stabilized postoperatively, and oral intake was initiated and tolerated. The patient was transferred to another hospital for rehabilitation for home discharge. She is now at home and has had no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: In previous reports of surgical treatment for CMV enteritis, many cases were initially undiagnosed, emergency surgery was performed after perforation or stenosis was recognized, and then CMV was diagnosed and treated. In CMV enteritis without immunodeficiency, surgical treatment may be an option if medical treatment is ineffective.

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia due to Pasteurella multocida-related sepsis with purpura fulminans: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Pasteurella multocida-related sepsis can cause purpura fulminans (PF), a rare thrombotic disorder that often presents acutely and is potentially fatal. As a consequence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, this hematological emergency originates from micro-thrombotic occlusion of peripheral blood vessels and resulting circulatory failure. Thus far, no studies have reported the use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for saving lives in patients with worsening respiratory and circulatory failure. Moreover, the development of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia after VA-ECMO has not yet been documented. Here, we describe the case of a 52-year-old female patient with PF and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia due to Pasteurella multocida-related sepsis who received VA-ECMO. CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old-female patient presented to the hospital with a week-long fever and worsening cough. Chest radiography findings revealed ground-glass opacity. We made a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to sepsis and initiated ventilatory management. Because respiratory and circulatory parameters were not maintained, VA-ECMO was introduced. After admission, ischemic findings were observed in the periphery of the extremities, and a diagnosis of PF was made. Pasteurella multocida was detected in blood cultures. On day 9, the sepsis was cured with antimicrobial treatment. The patient's respiratory and circulatory status improved, and she was weaned off VA-ECMO. However, on day 16, her stable circulatory system collapsed again, and her abdominal pain worsened. We performed exploratory laparotomy and noted necrosis and perforation of the small intestine. As a result, partial resection of the small intestine was performed. CONCLUSION: In this case, VA-ECMO was used to maintain circulatory dynamics during septic shock in a patient with Pasteurella multocida infection who developed PF. Surgery was also performed for complicated ischemic necrosis of the intestinal tract, helping save the patient's life. This development illustrated the importance of paying attention to intestinal ischemia during intensive care.

Erebosis, a new cell death mechanism during homeostatic turnover of gut enterocytes.

Many adult tissues are composed of differentiated cells and stem cells, each working in a coordinated manner to maintain tissue homeostasis during physiological cell turnover. Old differentiated cells are believed to typically die by apoptosis. Here, we discovered a previously uncharacterized, new phenomenon, which we name erebosis based on the ancient Greek word erebos ("complete darkness"), in the gut enterocytes of adult Drosophila. Cells that undergo erebosis lose cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, organelles and fluorescent proteins, but accumulate Angiotensin-converting enzyme (Ance). Their nuclei become flat and occasionally difficult to detect. Erebotic cells do not have characteristic features of apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagic cell death. Inhibition of apoptosis prevents neither the gut cell turnover nor erebosis. We hypothesize that erebosis is a cell death mechanism for the enterocyte flux to mediate tissue homeostasis in the gut.

Lung Abscess with a Refractory Bronchopleural Fistula Saved from Potentially Fatal Sepsis by Omentoplasty and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Controlling air leaks during thoracic drainage in patients with lung abscesses caused by bronchopleural fistulas is challenging. To reduce the occurrence of air leaks, positive pressure ventilation should be avoided whenever possible. A 69-year-old man presented with a 10-day history of gradually worsening chest pain. He had lost consciousness and was brought to the emergency room. His SpO2 was approximately 70%, and his systolic blood pressure was approximately 60 mmHg. Chest radiography and computed tomography revealed findings suggestive of a right pyothorax. Therefore, thoracic drainage was performed. However, the patient's respiratory status did not improve, and his circulatory status could not be maintained. Therefore, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was introduced after the improvement in circulation by noradrenaline and fluid resuscitation, resulting in adequate oxygenation and ventilation without the use of high-pressure ventilator settings. Subsequently, omentoplasty for a refractory bronchopleural fistula was successfully performed, and the air leak was cured without recurrence of the lung abscess.

Damage Control Management of Perforating Pyometra Presenting with Septic Shock after the Return of Spontaneous Circulation.

INTRODUCTION: Perforation of pyometra is often severe but rare. We report a case of pyometra detected on second-look surgery in an elderly patient with life-threatening septic shock and cardiopulmonary arrest before hospital arrival. Case Presentation. A 70-year-old woman with cardiopulmonary arrest received adrenaline. Computed tomography revealed ascites, and abdominal paracentesis was performed to identify the cause of cardiopulmonary arrest. The ascitic fluid was purulent, and intraperitoneal infection was identified. Emergency exploratory laparotomy revealed pyometra. CONCLUSION: If perforated, pyometra may cause peritonitis and lethal septic shock. Not only gynecologists but also emergency physicians should be aware of this possibility. Moreover, patient education is necessary. In patients with cardiopulmonary arrest, diagnostic abdominal paracentesis should be performed when the sole imaging finding is ascites. Improving outcomes in patients with difficult-to-diagnose pyometra with cardiopulmonary arrest by implementing damage control strategies before hysterectomy is possible.

A case of necrotizing fasciitis following Edwardsiella tarda septicemia with gastroenteritis.

Edwardsiella tarda is an uncommon pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and is found in the aquatic environment. In rare cases, it also causes fatal infections, including sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. However, it remains unknown whether E. tarda gastroenteritis could lead to these lethal diseases via hematogenous spread. Here we have reported a previously healthy 64-year-old woman with necrotizing fasciitis consecutively caused by E. tarda septicemia with gastroenteritis. The patient was transferred to the emergency department due to disturbance of consciousness and hypotension after suffering from diarrhea for a month. As whole-body computed tomography (CT) revealed an edematous change in the small intestine, septic shock following gastroenteritis was suspected, and the patient was immediately started on empiric antibiotic therapy and provided critical care. Her general physical conditions gradually began improving, but, on day 7, rapidly appearing blisters on both the lower limbs were noted, and she was accordingly examined again by conducting a CT scan. Based on the results, she was diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis in both lower extremities, and surgical debridement was rapidly performed. Microbiological analysis of the specimens revealed E. tarda bacteremia, which suggested that E. tarda caused a series of infections in this patient. Finally, she fully recovered and was discharged within 3 months. Cumulatively, we proposed that gastroenteritis by E. tarda could directly result in fatal infections through the blood stream.

[Anesthesia for living donor renal transplantation in a patient with Goodpasture's syndrome with a history of repeated alveolar hemorrhage].

A 20-year-old woman was scheduled for living renal transplantation from her mother. She was diagnosed with Goodpasture's syndrome at 8 years of age and had a previous history of alveolar hemorrhage 5 times. She developed renal failure, hypertension and required hemodialysis. She had no history of surgery. Blood test was not remarkable except anemia and elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with fentanyl, remifentanil and propofol. After tracheal intubation, the lungs were mechanically ventilated with a pressure control mode and the peak airway pressure was initially adjusted to 9 cmH2O for maintaining airway pressure at a low level to prevent alveolar injury, which was increased to 12 cmH2O at the end of surgery for maintaining a tidal volume of approximately 250 ml. No hemorrhage was detected in the airway during anesthesia, blood gas data were within the normal range, and the tracheal tube was removed after surgery in the operating room. Postoperative course was uneventful. Antihypertensive agents were discontinued and she was successfully weaned from hemodialysis.

A randomized comparison of the i-gel and the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in pediatric patients: performance and fiberoptic findings.

PURPOSE: We compared the insertion performance of the pediatric size 1.5-3 i-gel airway device with that of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) in anesthetized children in a prospective, randomized, controlled manner. METHODS: We included 134 children, aged 3 months to 15 years, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. They were randomly divided into the i-gel and the PLMA groups according to the airway device used. The primary outcome variable was oropharyngeal leak pressure. Other outcome variables were ease of insertion, required time for insertion, fiberoptic view, and first-attempt and overall success rates. RESULTS: There were no differences in the ease of insertion, insertion time, or leak pressure between the devices. Fiberoptic view was significantly better with the i-gel than with the PLMA (P = 0.002). The view was significantly better with the sizes 2, 2.5, and 3 i-gel than with the size 1.5 i-gel (P = 0.02, 0.004 and 0.002, respectively), and the view was significantly better with the sizes 2.5 and 3 PLMA than with the size 1.5 PLMA (P = 0.02 and 0.005, respectively). The first-attempt success rates were 94 and 97 % in the i-gel and the PLMA groups, respectively; the success rates including the second attempt were 100 % in both groups. No children developed side effects requiring treatment with either device. CONCLUSION: Both the pediatric i-gel and the PLMA were successfully inserted in children. The fiberoptic view was better with the i-gel than with the PLMA.