ABSTRACT
A new type of ultrasonically controlled concave liquid crystal lens based on traveling waves (TWs) with a divided electrode structure and an appropriate driving scheme is proposed in this Letter. The lens uses an annular piezoelectric ceramic divided into four parts for four-phase driving and consists of a liquid crystal layer in a sandwich structure between two circular glass substrates. The lens configuration was simulated by finite element analysis using the Ansys software. Here we discuss the use of TWs to expand the lens aperture and clarify the lens' optical characteristics using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. The effective lens aperture using TWs was 4.4 mm, and the focal length was 3.8 m.
ABSTRACT
A method to estimate orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules three-dimensionally under ultrasound excitation was proposed and the relationship between the ultrasound vibration and the molecular orientation was discussed. Our group have reported a technique to control orientation direction of liquid crystal molecules using ultrasound vibration which could be applied to an optical variable-focus liquid crystal lens. The lens consisted of a liquid crystal layer sandwiched by two glass circular discs and a piezoelectric ring. Ultrasound vibration induces change in the refractive index of the lens, enabling the variable-focus function. The three-dimensional orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the lens was predicted from the transmitted light distributions under the crossed Nicol conditions. The liquid crystal molecules were inclined from vertical alignment by the ultrasound vibration, and larger ultrasound vibration gave larger inclination of the molecules. There was a strong correlation between the distributions of ultrasound vibration and the liquid crystal molecular orientation; the molecular orientation was changed remarkably between the antinodal and nodal parts of the ultrasound flexural vibration on the glass plate and the molecules aligned towards the antinode.
