Inhibition of denture plaque deposition on complete dentures by 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer coating: A clinical study.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Denture plaque-associated infections are regarded as a source of serious dental and medical complications in the elderly population. Methods of managing this problem are needed. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer, PMBPAz, on plaque deposition in complete dentures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Showa University (#2013-013). Eleven individuals with maxillary complete dentures participated in this study. Their dentures were treated with PMBPAz, and the amount of denture plaque accumulation was evaluated by staining the denture surfaces with methylene blue after 2 weeks of denture usage. The same procedures were repeated to evaluate the original denture surfaces as a control. The image of the stained denture surface was captured using a digital camera, and the percentage of stained area, quantified as a pixel-based density, of the whole denture area (percentage of plaque index) was calculated for the mucosal and polished surfaces. To quantify the biofilm on the dentures, denture plaque biofilm was detached by ultrasonic vibration, resuspended in diluent, and measured with a microplate reader at an optical density of 620 nm. The effects of PMBPAz treatment on these variables were statistically analyzed with ANOVA (α=.05). RESULTS: The mean ±SD percentage of plaque index was 40.7% ±19.9% on the mucosal surfaces and 28.0% ±16.8% on the polished surfaces of the control denture. The mean percentage of plaque index of PMBPAz-treated dentures significantly decreased to 17.4%% ±12.0% on the mucosal surfaces (P<.001) and 15.0% ±9.9% on the polished surfaces (P<.05). The quantification of plaque deposition agreed with the results of these image analyses. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the treatment with the PMBPAz to inhibit the bacterial plaque deposition on complete dentures.

A Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Acrylic Dental Resin Surface Bound with a Photoreactive Polymer Inhibits Accumulation of Bacterial Plaque.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the ability of a poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butylmethacrylate-co-2-methacryloyloxyethyloxy-p-azidobenzoate) (PMBPAz) coating on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based dental resin to inhibit bacterial plaque formation, as well as the polymer's durability against water soaking and chemical exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Successful application of PMBPAz on PMMA surfaces was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and measuring the static air contact angle in water. The anti-adhesive effects to bacterial plaque were evaluated using Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation assay. The mechanical and chemical durabilities of the PMBPAz coating on the PMMA surfaces were examined using soaking and immersion tests, respectively. RESULTS: XPS signals for phosphorus and nitrogen atoms and hydrophilic status on PMMA surfaces treated with PMBPAz were observed, indicating the presence of the polymer on the substrates. The treated PMMA surfaces showed significant inhibition of S mutans biofilm formation compared to untreated surfaces. The PMBPAz coating was preserved after water soaking and chemical exposure. In addition, water soaking did not decrease the ability of treated PMMA to inhibit biofilm formation compared to treated PMMA specimens not subjected to water soaking. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that PMBPAz coating may represent a useful modification to PMMA surfaces for inhibiting denture plaque accumulation.

2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine Polymer Treatment of Complete Dentures to Inhibit Denture Plaque Deposition.

Removable dentures made of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are prone to bacterial adherence and dental plaque formation, which is called denture plaque. Denture plaque-associated infection is a source of serious dental and medical complications in the elderly. 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) is a well-known biomedical material that exhibits marked antithrombogenicity and tissue compatibility because of its high resistance to protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Therefore, MPC polymer coatings are suggested to have the potential to inhibit plaque deposition on the surface of PMMA dentures. However, coating MPC polymer on the surface of a PMMA denture is a complex procedure that requires specialized equipment, which is regarded as a major barrier to its clinical application. Here, we introduce a new MPC polymer treatment procedure that uses poly (MPC-co-BMA-co-MPAz) (PMBPAz) to prevent denture plaque deposition on removable dentures. This procedure enables the MPC coating of PMMA denture surfaces in a simple and stable manner that is resistant to various chemical and mechanical stresses due to the MPC layer of PMBPAz that is covalently bound to the PMMA surface by ultraviolet light irradiation. In addition, the procedure does not require any specialized equipment and can be completed by clinicians within 2 min. We applied this procedure in a clinical setting and demonstrated its clinical utility and efficacy in inhibiting plaque deposition on removable dentures.