ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the concentrations of inflammatory markers in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle, and changes in body mass and adipocyte size in diet-induced obese rats after moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or dietary intervention. After 8 weeks of obesity induction through a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, twenty diet-induced obese male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: (i) control rats fed with HFD (HFD-SED), (ii) obese rats fed with HFD and submitted to MICT (HFD-MICT), (iii) obese rats that were submitted to a nutritional intervention by switching HFD to chow diet (CD-SED), and (iv) obese rats that were submitted to MICT and nutritional intervention (CD-MICT). All the animals in the training groups were submitted to MICT, with an intensity of 50-85% of V max , 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle (GAST) and mesenteric adipose tissue (mWAT) were collected to quantify tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 using ELISA. The body mass was recorded before and after the experimental protocols, and the adipocyte morphology was assessed using histological analysis. The results showed that HFD-SED had higher body mass, higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in mWAT, and higher increase in adipocyte size. The CD-SED and CD-MICT groups presented with reduced body mass, relative weight of mWAT, and adipocyte size. Moreover, the inflammatory markers in mWAT were reduced after dietary intervention (TNF-α), MICT (IL-10 and TNF-α), or both interventions combined (IL-6 and TNF-α). In contrast, there was no reduction in GAST-relative weight or concentrations of inflammatory markers for any treatment. Finally, we concluded that 8 weeks of dietary intervention alone and combined with MICT were effective in reducing some of the deleterious effects caused by obesity.
ABSTRACT
Obesity is an epidemic disease and the expansion of adipose tissue, especially visceral fat, promotes the secretion of factors that lead to comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, diet and exercise have been proposed as an intervention to reverse these complications. An adipocytokine, known as irisin, mediates the beneficial effects of exercise. It has been proposed as a therapeutic potential in controlling obesity. In view of the above, this paper attempts to determine the modulation of irisin, visceral adiposity and biochemical markers in response to dietary intervention and aerobic exercise. To do this, 52 diet-induced obese male Wistar rats were divided into the following four groups: high-fat diet and exercise (HFD-Ex); HFD-Sedentary (HFD-Sed); chow-diet and exercise (CD-Exercise); and CD-Sed. The exercise-trained group performed a treadmill protocol for 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Body mass (BM), body fat (BF), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were analyzed. Mesenteric (MES), epididymal (EPI), and retroperitoneal (RET) adipose tissue was collected and histological analysis was performed. Biochemical irisin, triglycerides, glucose, insulin and inflammatory markers were determined and, FNDC5 protein expression was analyzed. In this study, the diet was the most important factor in reducing visceral adiposity in the short and long term. Exercise was an important factor in preserving muscle mass and reducing visceral depots after a long term. Moreover, the combination of diet and exercise can enhance these effects. Diet and exercise exclusively were the factors capable of increasing the values of irisin/FNDC5, however it did not bring cumulative effects of both interventions. Prescriptions to enhance the obesity treatments should involve reducing visceral adiposity by reducing the fat content in the diet associated with aerobic exercise.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the expression of omentin and vaspin, inflammatory markers, body composition, and lipid profile in diet-induced obese rats and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: untrained normal diet, trained normal diet (T-ND), untrained high-fat diet (Unt-HFD), and trained high-fat diet (T-HFD). For the animals of the Unt-HFD and T-HFD groups, a high-fat diet was offered for 4 weeks. After that, all the animals in the T-ND and T-HFD groups were submitted to HITT, three times per week, for 10 weeks (2 weeks of adaptation and 8 weeks of HIIT). Muscle (gastrocnemius), liver, epididymal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and serum were collected to analyze TNF-α, IL-6, PCR, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4, vaspin, and omentin. A body composition analysis was performed before adaptation to HIIT protocol and after the last exercise session using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Omentin and vaspin in the VAT were quantified using Western blotting. The results showed that, when fed a high-fat diet, the animals obtained significant gains in body fat and elevated serum concentrations of vaspin and blood triglycerides. The HIIT was able to minimize body fat gain but did not reduce visceral fat despite the increase in maximum exercise capacity. Moreover, there was a reduction in the serum levels of adiponectin, IL-6, and IL-10. Finally, we concluded that, although the training protocol was able to slow down the weight gain of the animals, there was no reduction in visceral fat or an improvement in the inflammatory profile, including no changes in omentin and vaspin.
ABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes em acompanhamento clínico por carcinoma bem diferenciado de tireoide, por meio do questionário WHOQOL-100. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo realizado entre março de 2015 e março de 2017 em São Carlos, SP, Brasil, descritivo e transversal, que avaliou 280 indivíduos, sendo 70 com carcinoma de tireoide e 210 controles, divididos em ≤45 e >45 anos. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo carcinoma de tireoide ≤ 45 anos apresentou prejuízo nos domínios físico (p=0,0032) e nível de independência (p<0,0001), e melhora no domínio meio ambiente (0,0138). O grupo com carcinoma de tireoide > 45 anos apresentou melhora no domínio meio ambiente (0,0002) e qualidade de vida global (p=0,00146) em relação aos controles. Esses achados, frutos de uma análise abrangente da qualidade de vida de pacientes com carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide, podem contribuir para o entendimento das repercussões da doença e seu tratamento (AU).
This study aimed to assess the quality of life of patients under clinical monitoring due to well-differentiated thyroidcarcinoma using the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire. A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was undertaken betweenMarch 2015 and March 2017 in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, evaluating 280 individuals, being 70 suffering from thyroid carcinoma and 210controls, divided in≤45 and >45 years. The results showed that the group with thyroid carcinoma≤45 years presented impairments inthe physical domain (p=0.0032) and in the level of independence (p<0.0001), and improvements in the environment domain (0.0138).The group with thyroid carcinoma > 45 years presented improvements in the environment domain (0.0002) and in the global qualityof life (p=0.00146) in relation to the controls. These findings, resulting from a comprehensive analysis of the quality of life of patientswith differentiated thyroid carcinoma, can contribute to the understanding of the repercussions the disease and its treatment entail (AU).
Este estudio objetivó evaluar la cualidad de vida de pacientes en seguimiento clínico por carcinoma bien diferenciadode tiroides, mediante el cuestionario WHOQOL-100. Se trata de estudio cuantitativo desarrollado entre marzo del 2015 y marzodel 2017 en São Carlos, SP, Brasil, descriptivo y trasversal, que evaluó 280 individuos, siendo 70 con carcinoma de tiroides y 210controles, divididos en≤45 y >45 años. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo carcinoma de tiroides≤45 años presentó perjuicio enlos dominios físico (p=0,0032) y nivel de independencia (p<0,0001), y mejora en el dominio medio ambiente (0,0138). El grupo concarcinoma de tiroides > 45 años presentó mejora en el dominio medio ambiente (0,0002) y calidad de vida global (p=0,00146) conrelación a los controles. Eses hallazgos, frutos de un análisis amplio de la calidad de vida de pacientes con carcinoma diferenciadode tiroides, pueden contribuir a la comprensión de las repercusiones de la enfermedad y su tratamiento (AU).
Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Life , Thyroidectomy , Thyroid Neoplasms , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a produção do conhecimento científico sobre a implementação de intervenção breve (IB) na atenção primária à saúde e identificar as dificuldades da equipe de saúde sobre o tema. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa em base de dados Medline/PubMed, LILACS e SciELO, de 1999 a 2014. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade de capacitação de profissionais de saúde no rastreamento do uso de álcool e realização da IB. As dificuldades da equipe envolveram problemas no planejamento e organização do sistema de saúde e crenças desta em relação ao usuário de álcool e à IB. Concluiu-se a necessidade de divulgação desses estudos aos profissionais de saúde, possibilitando políticas públicas de incentivo à introdução dessa estratégia em serviços de saúde.
This study aimed to analyze the production of scientific knowledge about the implementation of brief intervention (BI) in primary health care and identify difficulties for the health care team regarding this theme. The literature review included articles from national and international scientific journals dating from 1999 to 2014, from Medline/PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO electronic library bases. The results indicate the need for training of health professionals in screening for alcohol use and conducting the BI. Team difficulties involved problems in the planning and organization of the health system and team beliefs in relation to the alcohol user and the BI. It was concluded these studies need to be disseminated to healthcare professionals, by enabling public policies to encourage the introduction of this strategy in the health services.
