[Thyroid pathomorphology in children of the Republic of Byelarus subjected to radiation exposure as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Patomorfologiia shchitovidnoi zhelezy detei Respubliki Belarus', podvergshikhsia radiatsionnomu vozdeistviiu v rezul'tate avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

Early and late effects of short-living iodine isotopes on the thyroid of children in Byelarus are described. Early effects manifested with an increase in the thyroid functional activity in children up to one year of age during 1986. Follicular cell hypertrophy is considered as a marker of the radiation effect at a dose level from 0.1 to 1 krad. Late effects are thyroid carcinomas the incidence of which in the country rose ten-fold within the last 5 years.

Sensitivity of different rat tumour strains to photodynamic treatment with chlorin e6.

Transplantable rat tumours (sarcoma M-1, sarcoma 45, alveolar liver cancer PC-1 and Pliss' lymphosarcoma) were used to study chlorin e6 accumulation in tumours and its photodynamic effect. Tumours were irradiated by krypton ion laser light (647 and 676 nm; 90 J cm-2) 15 min and 24 h after chlorin e6 injection at doses of 5 and 10 mg kg-1. The relationship between some morphological peculiarities of these tumour strains, photosensitizer accumulation in tumours and their response to the photodynamic treatment is discussed.

[Latent cancerous pathology of the thyroid]. / Skrytaia onkologicheskaia patologiia shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Postmortem morphologic examination of the thyroid was performed in 122 residents of the Minsk Region, Byelorussian Republic. Various pathology underdiagnosed during life was found in 68%. Fourteen papillary carcinomas were detected in 11 (9.9%) of cases whereas 27 (22.1%) subjects revealed 46 follicular adenomas. Nodular goiter was established in 52.5%, thyroiditis--6.5% and cancer metastases--in 5.7% of cases. The male/female ratio for microcarcinoma was 8:3. All tumor-bearing subjects were over 41 years of age. Occurrence of the occult thyroid pathology in different regions of the country can be used to compare potential radiation and other hazards.

Photodynamic therapy with chlorin e6. A morphologic study of tumor damage efficiency in experiment.

Morphological changes in rat sarcoma M-1 after photodynamic treatment with chlorin e6 were studied. The frequency of necrosis appearance and the depth of its spreading in tumor tissue were evaluated after intraperitoneal injection of chlorin e6 in doses of 1-10 mg kg-1 and subsequent irradiation by a krypton laser with light energy density 22.5-135 J cm-2, using the method of vital staining with Evans blue. It was found that the antitumoral effect of photodynamic treatment was strengthened by increasing the dose of the agent and light and reduced by increasing the time interval between chlorin e6 injection and light irradiation. The treatment being given in the parameters mentioned produced a depth of tumor necrosis which varied from 4.0 mm to 16.6 mm. The mechanisms of tumor tissue damage after photodynamic treatment in vivo are discussed.

[Quantitative assessment of morphologic changes in tumors during combined use of irradiation, induced hyperglycemia and local hyperthermia]. / Kolichestvennaia otsenka morfologicheskikh izmenenii v opukholiakh pri sochetannom primenenii oblucheniia, iskusstvennoi giperglikemii i lokal'noi gipertermii.

The paper is concerned with morphometric evaluation of changes in Ehrlich mouse solid carcinoma after a separate, dual and combined use of x-ray irradiation, induced hyperglycemia (IH) and local hyperthermia (HT), using two-staged quantitative analysis of tumor tissue injuries. A portion of viable tissue was determined at the first stage, and the density of location of undestroyed tumor cells was evaluated at the second stage. The general result was characterized by the product of these indices. Disorders in the tumor tissue structure were noted in 24 h, the main damage being done by IH and HT in the center of a tumor. In 48 h the total effect was on the increase only in groups with irradiation as a result of cell death in the peripheral zone. In the double use of the agents their combined effect was less than the additive one, and the combined use of all three methods resulted in obvious synergism, and the number of viable tumor cells (by morphological criteria) was decreased by more than two orders.

[The immediate results of the use of isometronidazole in the combination therapy of patients with lung cancer]. / Neposredstvennye rezul'taty primeneniia izometronidazola pri kombinirovannom lechenii bol'nykh rakom legkogo.

The paper is devoted to assessment of isometronidazole tolerance, used as a radiosensitizer for preoperative irradiation of lung cancer patients, and to characterization of morphological postradiation changes in tissues of carcinomas removed at operation. Isometronidazole was shown to cause no severe side-effects in patients, improving considerably radiation injury of the tumor parenchyma.

[Complex treatment of locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma of the limbs]. / Kompleksnoe lechenie mestno-rasprostranennykh sarkom miagkikh tkanei konechnostei.

The experience of treatment of 40 patients with locally-advanced soft tissue sarcoma of the limbs. Treatment included preoperative chemoradiotherapy in combination with electromagnetic hyperthermia. As a result, 38 (95%) patients showed marked response which allowed radical limb-saving surgery whereas in 2 (5%) amputation was performed. Adjuvant chemotherapy was used for anaplastic tumors. Five-year survival rate was 64.7 +/- 6.7%.

[Diagnosis and treatment of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma]. / Diagnostika i lechenie mezenkhimal'noi khondrosarkomy.

Eight cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (3 males and 5 females aged 15-65) are described. Morphological examination revealed in all cases biphasal tumor consisting of the chondroid tissue of varying maturity and undifferentiated tissue. Combination and complex treatment was given to 6 patients. In 4 cases, radiotherapy was carried out in combination with chemotherapy and local electromagnetic hyperthermia. Out of 8 patients, seven are still alive and are examined at 4 month - 11 year intervals (average of 39.7 months). One female patient died 12 months after the beginning of treatment. Combined and complex procedures should be recommended for treatment of such patients.

[Effect of artificial hyperglycemia and resection of the primary site on metastases of RL-67 carcinoma]. / Vliianie iskusstvennoi giperglikemii i issecheniia pervichnogo ochaga na metastazirovanie kartsinomy RL-67.

In the experiments on the C57Bl mice the authors studied the effect of artificial hyperglycemia (AH), amputation of the extremities with tumors as well as combinations of these effects on the intensity of metastatic spreading of carcinoma RL-67 to the lungs. AH did not prove to intensify the process of metastasizing if it was conducted on the 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11th days. The average number of metastases did not differ from that in the control group. AH which was conducted one day before amputation of the extremity with the tumor caused a more significant inhibition of metastasizing than a surgical intervention.

[Morphometry of squamous cell cancer of the lung after radiation therapy combined with hyperglycemia]. / Morfometriia ploskokletochnogo raka legkogo posle luchevoi terapii v sochetanii s giperglikemiei.

The authors analysed morphological changes and provided morphological assessment of the parenchyma, stroma, vessels and necrosis in the squamous cell lung carcinoma tissue of 40 patients without preliminary irradiation, 40 patients after gamma-beam therapy and 49 patients after radiotherapy combined with induced hyperglycemia (IH). The total focal dosage was 20 Gy (5 fractions during a week). In 25 patients IH was followed by irradiation and in 24 patients it followed irradiation. Operation was performed on the 7-8th day after therapy was initiated. It was concluded that preoperative gamma-beam therapy followed by IH produced the most noticeable damaging effect on squamous cell lung carcinoma.

[Effect of induced hyperglycemia on the metastasis of RL-67 lung carcinoma]. / Vliianie iskusstvennoi giperglikemii na metastazirovanie kartsinomy legkikh RL-67.

The effect of multiple artificial hyperglycemia treatments on metastatic spreading and tumour growth depending on the stage of the tumour development is studied in experiments on mice with transplanted subcutaneous lung cancer LC-67. Intensification of the metastatic spreading and of the primary tumour growth under hyperglycemia treatment of early and advanced diseases is detected. Artificial hyperglycemia does not influence the tumour progress at the terminal stage of the disease.

[Degree of radiation pathomorphosis of a tumor and the results of combination treatment of breast cancer]. / Stepen' luchevogo patomorfoza opukholi i rezul'taty kombinirovannogo lecheniia raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The long-term results of the combined therapy of 284 patients with infiltrative forms of breast cancer were correlated with the manifestations of radiation pathomorphosis in a tumor after preoperative radiation therapy at a single dose of 4 Gy, summary dose of 20 Gy. Surgical intervention was performed in 59% of the patients in the first 3 days after irradiation, in 30% of the patients in 4-9 days, in 11% in 10-20 days. The degree of radiation pathomorphosis was evaluated by the signs of disturbance of the general structure of the tumorous tissue and the structure of some cancer cells. The most significant changes in tumors were recorded 10-20 days after the termination of radiation therapy. An increase in the interval between the termination of irradiation and operation up to 20 days did not influence the long-term results of the combined therapy of patients with breast cancer. No correlation between the degree of radiation pathomorphosis and long-term results of combined therapy was revealed, therefore the qualitative determination of the degree of injury of tissue and cellular elements of a tumor cannot serve as an adequate criterion of efficacy of mean fractional radiation exposure in performing operation in the first 9 days after its completion.

[Effect of intravascular pressure changes on the induction of bone neoplasms in rats]. / Vliianie izmeneniia vnutrisosudistogo davleniia na induktsiiu opukholei kostei u krys.

The development of bone tumours induced by 3,4-benzpyrene in rats with arterial hypotension and venous congestion was studied. Six months after, osteogenous sarcomas were detected in 36% of animals with normal pressure, in 10%--with arterial hypotension and in 58%--with venous congestion. The differences in the antitumor tissue resistance under chemical blastomogenesis, as well as in cases of transplanted tumours, are supposed to depend on the character of compensatory rearrangements in the microcirculatory bed in response to the intravascular pressure change.

[Enhancement of the therapeutic effect of sarcolysine by arterial hypotension in sarcoma 45 trials]. / Usilenie terapevticheskogo éffekta sarkolizina posredstvom arterial'noi gipotonii v opytakh s sarkomoi 45.

Arterial hypotension was found to potentiate antitumor effect of sarcolysin on transplantable sarcoma 45 of rats. Induction of hypotension as modifying factor of chemotherapy of cancer is discussed.