ABSTRACT
This work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Lippia sidoides and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils (EOs) encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors through virucidal activity assessment. We developed anionic and cationic NLCs loaded with the EOs and assessed their physicochemical properties and SARS-CoV-2 virucidal activity, focusing on the effects of EO type and the NLCs composition. The NLCs exhibited particle sizes of 141.30 to 160.53 nm for anionic and 109.30 to 138.60 nm for cationic types, with PDIs between 0.16 and 0.25. High zeta potentials (>29.0 in modulus) indicated stable formulations. The NLCs effectively encapsulated the EOs, achieving encapsulation efficiencies between 84.6 to 100% w/w of marker compound. The EOs-loaded NLCs reduced the SARS-CoV-2 virion count, exceeding 2 logs over the control. NLCs loaded with Lippia sidoides and Syzygium aromaticum EOs represent an innovative strategy for combating SARS-CoV-2.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents , Drug Carriers , Lipids , Nanostructures , Oils, Volatile , SARS-CoV-2 , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/administration & dosage , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Lipids/chemistry , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Nanostructures/chemistry , Humans , Lippia/chemistry , Syzygium/chemistry , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Particle Size , Chlorocebus aethiops , Vero Cells , Animals , COVID-19ABSTRACT
AIMS: The study was focused on the evaluation of antimicrobial activity in vitro of the essential oil (EO) of leaves from Schinus molle against bacteria and fungi of clinical importance in the search for the discovery of new active compounds. METHODS AND RESULTS: The chemical composition of the S. molle EO was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and its antimicrobial effect was verified by broth microdilution method. The major compounds found were ß-pinene (25·23%), epi-α-cadinol (21·29%), α-pinene (18·72%), myrcene (11·54%) and sabinene (5·02%). The EO showed significant antifungal activity against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (39·06 µg ml-1 ), weak action against Cryptococcus neoformans (625 µg ml-1 ) and Trichophyton quinckeanum (625 µg ml-1 ) and was inactive against Candida sp. In the analysis of the antibacterial action, the micro-organisms tested did not show sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a promising result of S. molle volatiles against the fungus P. brasiliensis, which causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic mycosis of great clinical importance in Latin America. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results found here are novel and encourage investigations of the compounds present in this EO, which represents a source of molecules with potential use in the treatment of PCM.
