[Evaluation of therapeutic sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells to targeted peptide bioregulator in culture]. / Otsenka terapevticheskoi chuvstvitel'nosti ganglioznykh kletok setchatki v kul'ture k targetnomu peptidnomu bioreguliatoru.

PURPOSE: To study how therapeutically sensitive retinal cell culture is to the peptide bioregulator isolated from cattle retina (Retinalamin) in models of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cells were isolated from the retinae separated from newborn mice. Cell sheets were disaggregated and transformed into a suspension. Removal of the off-target cell population was done by adding antibodies to deplete the cells with CD48 marker, and magnetic microbeads that attach to them. Selection of ganglion cells and obtainment of its enriched fraction was done by immunomagnetic separation. To assess the toxicity of Retinalamin, a cytotoxic test was performed on the culture of skin fibroblasts with sequential dilution of the drug into concentrations of 5.0-0.009 mg/mL. The cells were seeded at 5000 per plate well and exposed to the drug for 24 hours. To study the excitotoxic damage, the first group of plate wells with retinal cells had solution of sodium glutamate added in concentration of 20 mM, Retinalamin was added into the second group of wells in concentration of 1.25 mg/mL; both substances were added into the third group of wells. The control group consisted of intact plate wells. The cells were exposed to substances for 24 hours. Cell vitality was then evaluated using colorimetry. Optic density was measured using an automatic photometer with detection wavelength of λ=490 nm. RESULTS: The cell culture achieved by immunomagnetic separation is mixed and consists of ganglion and glial cells. Retinalamin does not display significant cytotoxicity in any of the studied concentrations. The excitotoxic damage caused significant decrease of the amount of viable cells in the culture (9% of the control wells). The concomitant addition of glutamate and 1.25 mg/mL Retinalamin resulted in a 51.6% increase in the amount of viable cells. The intergroup differences were statistically significant by Student's t-test. CONCLUSION: Retinalamin is not cytotoxic. The concomitant addition of glutamate and Retinalamin reliably decreases the toxic action of glutamate on isolated retinal cells.

[Polishing of Bowman's membrane with diamond burr in the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion syndrome]. / Abrazivnaia shlifovka boumenovoi membrany almaznym borom v lechenii retsidiviruiushchei érozii rogovitsy.

PURPOSE: To study the effectiveness of polishing Bowman's membrane with a diamond burr (DBPBM) in the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (RCES). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 22 patients (22 eyes) with RCES aged 20-56 years who underwent our original modification of DBPBM. All patients had keratotopography examined, endothelial cell density measured, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the cornea taken before and after the procedure. Additionally, conjunctival scraping, blood test for types I and II herpes (fluorescent antibody method) were performed before the surgery. Post-operative treatment included 1-2 weeks of anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial steroid therapy, and 6 months of artificial tear Cationorm usage. RESULTS: Rehabilitation of all patients after the procedure went quickly, and no relapses were noted during the follow-up. Complete epithelialization of the area of surgical intervention under soft contact lens occurred over 2-3 days. Epithelial thickness was measured with OCT including epithelial mapping; after the surgery, it was almost even over the entire corneal surface. No complications such as induced post-operative refractive error or corneal haze were registered during the course of the study. Disruption of basal epithelial layer and epithelial basal membrane in the area of erosion relapse detected with scanning electron microscopy confirmed the need for their removal in the course of the surgery. CONCLUSION: Conservative treatment of RCES rarely yields results. Removal of inadequate epithelium and following DBPBM using our original method is a highly effective and accessible procedure for RCES treatment with low risk of complications and relapse.

[Comparative analysis of modern methods of preparing donor material for endothelial keratoplasty]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka sovremennykh sposobov podgotovki donorskogo materiala dlia éndotelial'noi keratoplastiki.

PURPOSE: To evaluate various methods of stripping Descemet's membrane of a donor corneoscleral flap for Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 60 corneoscleral flaps (mean donor age was 62.9 years) from the eye bank of Research Institute of Eye Diseases, which were not suitable for clinical use due to positive serological results. Four alternative methods of donor material dissection in preparation for DMEK were compared: SCUBA (group A), our newly suggested method utilizing intracapsular ring (group B), 'liquid bubble' (group C), 'big bubble' (group D). Parameters under evaluation were mean transplant preparation time, density of endothelial cells before and after dissection, presence of complications during detachment of Descemet's membrane. RESULTS: Mean detachment time in group A was 8.5 min, in group B - 7 min, in group C - 8 min, and in group D - 5 min. Loss of endothelial cells as compared with baseline was in average 10.5% in group A, 9.3% in group B, 10.7% in group C, and 10.3% in group D. Group A had two cases with complications occurring during separation of Descemet's membrane, group B had one such case, group C - 2 cases, and group D - 3 cases. Histologic examination confirmed absence of stromal fibers on the detached Descemet's membrane in groups A, B and C. CONCLUSION: Among the described methods of preparing donor material for DMEK surgery, all except 'big bubble' proved equal in terms of resulting transplant quality. The 'big bubble' dissection technique requires more time to complete, while the resulting transplant has stromal fibers. Our newly suggested method of Descemet's membrane stripping that utilizes intracapsular ring proved safe and effective alternative for preparing donor material for DMEK.

[Complex morphological assessment of anterior capsule of the lens in patients with capsular contraction syndrome (a clinical case study)]. / Kompleksnaia morfologicheskaia otsenka perednei kapsuly khrustalika pri kapsuliarnom kontraktsionnom sindrome (klinicheskoe nabliudenie).

The anterior capsular contraction syndrome (ACCS) in pseudophakic patients is known to be accompanied by postoperative opacity of anterior lens capsule (ALC) and partial or full closure of anterior capsulotomy opening. PURPOSE: To perform complex morphological assessment of ALC in patients with ACCS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved complex analysis of ALC that was removed due to ACCS in the pseudophakic eye in the setting of diabetes mellitus and past vitreoretinal surgery. The following examination methods were used: light-optical microscopy of ALC samples in the form of polychrome-colored semifine sections using optical microscope Leica DM-2500 (Germany), scanning microscopy of ALC surface with EVO LS10 (Carl Zeiss, Germany) microscope, analysis of chemical element composition and its variation of the ALC sample with energy-dispersive spectrometer Oxford X-Max50 (Oxford, UK). RESULTS: Light-optical microscopy showed altered state and plication of ALC induced by proliferation from inner surface of the fibrocellular tissue, which gradually thickens (up to 360 µm) towards center and causes reduction of anterior capsulotomy opening. Scanning electron microscopy revealed presence of tissue with uneven micro-relief and a porous three-dimensional structure uncharacteristic for capsule on the surface of ALC. Thickness of the fibrous deposition significantly exceeded the thickness of ALC. Evaluation of elemental composition of the fibrocellular tissue showed elevated concentration of sulfur and phosphorus, which indicates high activity of the regenerative process. In the observed case, the regenerative process was of substitute nature because an attempt to restore the lens was accompanied by formation of connective tissue structurally different from original. CONCLUSION: Complex assessment of an isolated ALC sample allowed revelation of the chain of pathological processes accompanying the development of ACCS.

On Methods for the Analysis of Indefinite Stimuli Perception Characteristics: an fMRT Study of Gender-Specific Differences.

Comparative identification of cerebral regions activated in men and women during perception of indefinite images was carried out by fMRT and psychological testing. Nine men and nine women aged 20-26 years took part in the study. The volunteers examined simple geometric figures, slightly structurized images (tables from Rorschach's test), and images of impossible figures. Activation in the cerebellum and visual cortex (bilateral) was more pronounced in women in response to all types of images and less so in the right G. temporalis medius. The right frontal regions (G. precentralis, G. frontalis superior, G. frontalis medius) were also stronger activated in women in response to indefinite stimuli.